我正在尝试设置一台电脑来学习 Ubuntu-Studio（版本 18）。我使用的是旧的 PCI 声卡：Guillemot Fortissimo I。希望使用 MIDI I/O 连接到我的钢琴键盘。使用现场 CD 进行测试，似乎我的声卡被识别，但 MIDI 部分未被识别。
我是否需要安装或配置其他驱动程序？我可以使用哪个命令来检查 MIDI？
谢谢。
这是 lspci 命令输出，显示 Yamaha YMF-744B 声卡。
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset DRAM Controller (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port (rev 02)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
00:1a.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6
00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) HD Audio Controller
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Root Port 1
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Root Port 5
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Root Port 6
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev 90)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801JIR (ICH10R) LPC Interface Controller
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) 4 port SATA IDE Controller #1
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) SMBus Controller
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801JI (ICH10 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller #2
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation G92 [GeForce 8800 GT] (rev a2)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit or Fast Ethernet (rev b0)
03:00.0 IDE interface: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE6111/6121 SATA II / PATA Controller (rev b2)
05:01.0 Multimedia audio controller: Yamaha Corporation YMF-744B [DS-1S Audio Controller] (rev 02)
05:03.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW322/323 [TrueFire] 1394a
以下是 aconnect -i 的输出
client 0: 'System' [type=noyau]
0 'Timer '
1 'Announce '
client 14: 'Midi Through' [type=noyau]
0 'Midi Through Port-0'
答案1
MIDI（和 FM 合成器）设备默认未启用，可能是因为早期版本的 YMF-7xx 芯片不提供对这些设备的即插即用支持。
/etc/modprobe.d/要启用这些设备，最有可能的是，在某个文件中添加如下行alsa-base.conf：
options snd-ymfpci mpu_port=1 fm_port=1