我想快速切换耳机和扬声器的音频输出。两者都连接到主板，主板上有Line Out和Optical Audio Out线。我理想情况下希望通过两个命令来执行此操作，以便我可以将它们添加为宏/热键。
- 扬声器 -> 光纤音频
- 耳机 -> 线路输出
我可以使用菜单完成从扬声器到耳机的切换，Settings > Sound > Output菜单成功列出了我插入的 4 个音频选项，另外两个是通过显卡的 DP/HDMI 连接。如果我现在尝试从耳机切换回扬声器，则不会输出任何音频。我有一个“解决方法”，我暂停所有音频，切换到其中一个显卡输出，等待 5 秒钟，切换到扬声器，等待 5 秒钟，然后播放音乐，到目前为止，这已经可靠地解决了这个问题。
我一直试图使用pactl来改变输出，我认为是这样sinks，但我只有两个可用的接收器：
➜ ~ pactl list sinks short
55 alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo PipeWire s32le 2ch 48000Hz RUNNING
52 alsa_output.pci-0000_2b_00.1.hdmi-stereo-extra1 PipeWire s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
这是在扬声器上收听音频时显示的。下面是在耳机上收听音频时显示的。
➜ ~ pactl list sinks short
52 alsa_output.pci-0000_2b_00.1.hdmi-stereo-extra1 PipeWire s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
55 alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.analog-stereo PipeWire s32le 2ch 48000Hz RUNNING
我假设这些sinks对应于主板声卡和 GPU 输出。在这种情况下，我认为更改是device-port我正在寻找的命令。
➜ ~ pactl set-sink-port alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo analog-stereo
Failure: No such entity
我对如何实现这个功能感到很困惑。如能得到任何帮助我将不胜感激。
以下是我认为重要的一些信息。操作系统：Ubuntu 21.10
pactl info以下是删除我的用户名后的输出：
Server String: /run/user/1000/pulse/native
Library Protocol Version: 35
Server Protocol Version: 35
Is Local: yes
Client Index: 68
Tile Size: 65472
User Name: {USER}
Host Name: ubuntu
Server Name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire 0.3.38)
Server Version: 15.0.0
Default Sample Specification: float32le 2ch 48000Hz
Default Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Default Sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo
Default Source: alsa_input.usb-Sonix_Technology_Co.__Ltd._USB_2.0_Camera_SN0001-02.analog-stereo
Cookie: bf70:5e64
编辑
鉴于@kanehekili 的回答和评论，我似乎希望设置sink-port。执行此操作的方法是使用pactl set-sink-port {SINK_NAME} {PORT_NAME}，但是根据以下情况，我的端口不存在pactl list sinks：
➜ ~ pactl list sinks
Sink #47
State: RUNNING
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo
Description: Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller Digital Stereo (IEC958)
Driver: PipeWire
Sample Specification: s32le 2ch 48000Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 4294967295
Mute: no
Volume: front-left: 28524 / 44% / -21.68 dB, front-right: 28524 / 44% / -21.68 dB
balance 0.00
Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo.monitor
Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY SET_FORMATS
Properties:
object.path = "alsa:pcm:1:iec958:1:playback"
api.alsa.path = "iec958:1"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "1"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "playback"
audio.channels = "2"
audio.position = "FL,FR"
device.routes = "1"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALCS1200A Digital"
alsa.id = "ALCS1200A Digital"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "1"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "HD-Audio Generic"
alsa.long_card_name = "HD-Audio Generic at 0xfc400000 irq 80"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.profile.name = "iec958-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (IEC958)"
card.profile.device = "11"
device.id = "41"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.sink"
priority.driver = "672"
priority.session = "672"
media.class = "Audio/Sink"
node.nick = "HD-Audio Generic"
node.name = "alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo"
device.description = "Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller Digital Stereo (IEC958)"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-iec958"
device.bus = "pci"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:2d:00.4"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
factory.id = "18"
client.id = "32"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "merge"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "47"
node.max-latency = "8192/48000"
Ports:
iec958-stereo-output: Digital Output (S/PDIF) (type: SPDIF, priority: 0, availability unknown)
Active Port: iec958-stereo-output
Formats:
pcm
当我尝试切换接收器端口时，出现错误
➜ ~ pactl set-sink-port alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.iec958-stereo analog-stereo
Failure: No such entity
即使使用接收器的数字标识符，也会发生上述情况。看来我正在寻找的端口不存在，但是我可以使用上面提到的“设置”菜单更改端口，运行相同的操作pactl list sinks会更改端口，这样我的iec958-stereo端口就不再存在了：
➜ ~ pactl list sinks
Sink #47
State: RUNNING
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.analog-stereo
Description: Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller Analog Stereo
Driver: PipeWire
Sample Specification: s32le 2ch 48000Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 4294967295
Mute: no
Volume: front-left: 31249 / 48% / -19.30 dB, front-right: 31249 / 48% / -19.30 dB
balance 0.00
Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.analog-stereo.monitor
Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Properties:
object.path = "alsa:pcm:1:front:1:playback"
api.alsa.path = "front:1"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "1"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "playback"
audio.channels = "2"
audio.position = "FL,FR"
device.routes = "2"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALCS1200A Analog"
alsa.id = "ALCS1200A Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "HD-Audio Generic"
alsa.long_card_name = "HD-Audio Generic at 0xfc400000 irq 80"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
card.profile.device = "5"
device.id = "41"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.sink"
priority.driver = "689"
priority.session = "689"
media.class = "Audio/Sink"
node.nick = "HD-Audio Generic"
node.name = "alsa_output.pci-0000_2d_00.4.analog-stereo"
device.description = "Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller Analog Stereo"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-analog"
device.bus = "pci"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:2d:00.4"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
factory.id = "18"
client.id = "32"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "merge"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "47"
node.max-latency = "8192/48000"
Ports:
analog-output-lineout: Line Out (type: Line, priority: 9000, availability group: Legacy 4, available)
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (type: Headphones, priority: 9900, availability group: Legacy 5, not available)
Active Port: analog-output-lineout
Formats:
pcm
答案1
诀窍在于，您需要切换接收器输入 - 仅在其处于活动/运行时才可用：
pactl list short sink-inputs
28 8 31 protocol-native.c float32le 2ch 48000Hz
您的流“28”已映射到输出“8”。可以使用以下命令检查该输出：
pactl list short sinks
1 alsa_output.pci-0000_1e_00.3.analog-stereo module-alsa-card.c s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
8 alsa_output.pci-0000_1c_00.1.hdmi-stereo-extra3 module-alsa-card.c s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
因此，目前输入流 28（无论源流是什么）都指向 HDMI 卡。如果您想将输出更改为内部的模拟卡（例如耳机）只需发出以下命令即可移动它：
pactl move-sink-input 28 1
因此，您的一个接收器代表耳机，另一个代表扬声器。因此，您无需使用 (”)，而是需要将输入切换为 52 或 55。
编辑
由于除了模拟耳机之外我不熟悉任何光学设备，因此我会尝试拖曳开关端口：
pactl list sinks
Sink #16
State: RUNNING
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_1e_00.3.analog-stereo
....
Ports:
analog-output-lineout: Line Out (type: Line, priority: 9000, available)
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (type: Headphones, priority: 9900, available)
Active Port: analog-output-lineout
在这种情况下，你可以使用以下命令切换接收器 #16 中的端口：
pactl set-sink-port 16 analog-output-lineout
或者
pactl set-sink-port 16 analog-output-headphones
您需要找到正确的接收器索引和端口名称 - 仅适用于数字输出是端口的情况。
这个例子默认情况下并不工作，因为 pulseaudio 和 alsa 通常会在插入扬声器时自动静音（见这里欲了解更多信息），但通过适当的设置，它确实可以工作。
答案2
我的问题显然是由于使用 PipeWire 造成的。我无法解决在使用 PipeWire 时遇到的这些问题，因此我尝试卸载，结果遇到了 GUI 崩溃，不得不sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop重新启动。在此之后，仅运行 PulseAudio 守护程序，我能够使用：
pactl set-card-profile {card_number} {profile_name}
成功切换输出，延迟时间很短（延迟期间没有声音输出）。这似乎是能做到的最好了，我就不多说了。