我在 Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS 上访问与 ASMedia ASM1153 USB 3.0 3 Gb/s 转 SATA 适配器（桥接器）连接的外部驱动器时遇到问题。连接到 USB3 端口时，外部驱动器不稳定。我有两根电缆（即 USB-SATA 桥接器），其中一根在 USB3 和 USB2 上都能完美运行，另一根在 USB2 上也能完美运行但USB3 上失败。具体来说，连接到 USB3 的外部驱动器首先被读取，但 30 秒到 1 分钟后，它会断开连接并循环重新加载。发出的 USB 上的设备列表lsusb返回
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8008 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 17ef:1012 Lenovo Lenovo ThinkPad Dock
**Bus 004 Device 010: ID 174c:55aa ASMedia Technology Inc. Name: ASM1051E SATA 6Gb/s bridge, ASM1053E SATA 6Gb/s bridge, ASM1153 SATA 3Gb/s bridge, ASM1153E SATA 6Gb/s bridge**
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 006: ID 17ef:1011 Lenovo
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 17ef:1012 Lenovo Lenovo ThinkPad Dock
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 138a:0017 Validity Sensors, Inc. VFS 5011 fingerprint sensor
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 045e:0800 Microsoft Corp. Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0
**Bus 003 Device 009: ID 174c:1153 ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1153 SATA 3Gb/s bridge**
Bus 003 Device 008: ID 04f2:b39a Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Integrated Camera
Bus 003 Device 007: ID 8087:07da Intel Corp.
Bus 003 Device 005: ID 0bdb:193e Ericsson Business Mobile Networks BV N5321 gw
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
其中 ID174c:1153是故障的桥接电缆。我想知道为什么它的描述与 ID 为 ** 174c:55aa** 的相同电缆不同，尽管该名称实际上位于后者描述中的设备列表中。
我见过类似的问题，特别是这，其中@nobody 正确猜测驱动器应该在 USB2 上正常工作，这让我认为这是一个已知问题。按照建议，我尝试将该设备列入黑名单，即
$ echo options usb-storage quirks=174c:5136:u | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-uas.conf
$ sudo update-initramfs -u
$ sudo reboot
但它没有效果。特别是，该命令dmesg | tail -n 55显示了一系列 I/O 错误，而当使用相同的电缆将相同的外部驱动器连接到 USB2 时，这些错误并不存在。
[ 2835.992349] usb 4-2: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd
[ 2836.013332] usb 4-2: New USB device found, idVendor=174c, idProduct=1153, bcdDevice= 0.01
[ 2836.013341] usb 4-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1
[ 2836.013345] usb 4-2: Product: AS2115
[ 2836.013348] usb 4-2: Manufacturer: ASMedia
[ 2836.013350] usb 4-2: SerialNumber: 00000000000000000000
[ 2836.015543] usb-storage 4-2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 2836.015825] usb-storage 4-2:1.0: Quirks match for vid 174c pid 1153: 800000
[ 2836.015943] scsi host7: usb-storage 4-2:1.0
[ 2836.260267] usb 4-2: USB disconnect, device number 12
[ 2836.552774] usb 4-2: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 13 using xhci_hcd
[ 2836.577512] usb 4-2: New USB device found, idVendor=174c, idProduct=1153, bcdDevice= 0.01
[ 2836.577540] usb 4-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1
[ 2836.577547] usb 4-2: Product: AS2115
[ 2836.577551] usb 4-2: Manufacturer: ASMedia
[ 2836.577555] usb 4-2: SerialNumber: 00000000000000000000
[ 2836.580608] usb-storage 4-2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 2836.581063] usb-storage 4-2:1.0: Quirks match for vid 174c pid 1153: 800000
[ 2836.581283] scsi host7: usb-storage 4-2:1.0
[ 2837.608560] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access ASMT 2115 0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 2837.608751] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 2837.609570] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] 3907029168 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.82 TiB)
[ 2837.609812] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[ 2837.609814] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 2837.610050] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 2837.755088] sdd: sdd1 < sdd5 >
[ 2837.777009] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[ 2838.920504] usb 4-2: reset SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 13 using xhci_hcd
[ 2838.945816] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 2838.945821] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 74 72 5a c8 00 01 00 00
[ 2838.945823] print_req_error: 22 callbacks suppressed
[ 2838.945824] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 1953651400 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 14 prio class 0
[ 2839.724500] usb 4-2: reset SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 13 using xhci_hcd
[ 2839.745673] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 2839.745680] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 74 72 7b c8 00 01 00 00
[ 2839.745681] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 1953659848 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 17 prio class 0
[ 2841.200511] usb 4-2: reset SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 13 using xhci_hcd
[ 2841.221665] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 2841.221669] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 74 73 0b c8 00 01 00 00
[ 2841.221670] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 1953696712 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 22 prio class
编辑：通过故障桥将外部驱动器连接到 USB3 端口后，输出smartctl --all /dev/sdg5如下
Smartctl open device: /dev/sdg5 failed: INQUIRY failed