如果 N0berts 的回答不起作用,那么很抱歉,您需要继续执行危险命令或完全重新安装

如果 N0berts 的回答不起作用,那么很抱歉,您需要继续执行危险命令或完全重新安装

我将 Ubuntu 18.04 升级到了 20.04,现在一切都坏了。apt 不起作用。尝试使用它时不断出现 dpkg 错误。无法安装任何东西。nautilus 和终端不起作用。许多图标没有出现。损坏的图标 损坏的图标2 损坏的图标3

发生了一些 Python 错误等等。现在该怎么办?甚至备份程序都不起作用。如何让它再次工作?我不明白为什么 canonical 不能发送正确的升级

EDIT1:有什么方法可以删除并重新安装所有需要的软件包吗? apt 实际上可以工作,但会出现不同的错误。

EDIT2:举个例子,运行sudo apt install terminator四分之一后的输出是:

.
.
.
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of terminator:
 terminator depends on python3-configobj; however:
  Package python3-configobj is not configured yet.
 terminator depends on python3-gi; however:
  Package python3-gi is not configured yet.
 terminator depends on python3-gi-cairo; however:
  Package python3-gi-cairo is not configured yet.
 terminator depends on python3-psutil; however:
  Package python3-psutil is not configured yet.
 terminator depends on python3:any; however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package terminator (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-nacl:
 python3-nacl depends on python3 (>= 3~); however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.
 python3-nacl depends on python3-six; however:
  Package python3-six is not configured yet.
 python3-nacl depends on python3:any; however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-nacl (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libgtk-3-common (3.24.20-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-systemd:
 python3-systemd depends on python3 (<< 3.9); however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.
 python3-systemd depends on python3 (>= 3.8~); however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.
 python3-systemd depends on python3:any; however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-systemd (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-cffi-backend:
 python3-cffi-backend depends on python3 (<< 3.9); however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.
 python3-cffi-backend depends on python3 (>= 3.8~); however:
  Package python3 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-cffi-backend (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for dictionaries-common (1.28.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 python3
 python3-psutil
 apport
 python3-tz
 python3-apport
 python3-cupshelpers
 python3-monotonic
 python3-requests-unixsocket
 python3-six
 python3-simplejson
 python3-cups
 python3-oauthlib
 python3-chardet
 python3-configobj
 python3-secretstorage
 system-config-printer
 python3-certifi
 python3-pexpect
 python3-cryptography
 python3-wadllib
 python3-gi
 python3-requests
 python3-ldb
 python3-idna
 python3-fasteners
 python3-urllib3
 gnome-shell
 ubuntu-session
 ibus
 gdm3
 python3-defer
 duplicity
 python3-keyring
 python3-httplib2
 language-selector-common
 python3-paramiko
 lsb-release
 python3-protobuf
 python3-future
 python3-rfc3339
 python3-macaroonbakery
 python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets
 python3-ibus-1.0
 python3-lazr.restfulclient
 python3-gi-cairo
 python3-lib2to3
 terminator
 python3-nacl
 python3-systemd
 python3-cffi-backend
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.

EDIT3:输出sudo apt-get install aptitudehttps://pastecode.io/s/9eo7pji8

输出sudo aptitude dist-upgradehttps://pastecode.io/s/dgnjw0z9

输出apt-cache policyhttps://pastecode.io/s/w5rso9um

EDIT4:我尝试了一下 sudo dpkg --configure -a sudo apt-get install -f ,得到了和给出的一样的错误apt-get install terminator。最后两行是:

Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

EDIT5:突然我的 gnome-terminal 开始工作了。但是 nautilis 仍然不工作。运行推荐的命令后:

export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games"

cd ~/Downloads
apt-get download python3-minimal
dpkg -l | grep ^ii | grep python
sudo -E dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-minimal*.deb

sudo -E dpkg --configure -a
sudo -E apt-get install -f
sudo -E apt-get install --reinstall python3-minimal
sudo -E apt-get install --reinstall $(dpkg -l | grep ^ii | grep python | awk '{print $2}')
sudo -E dpkg --configure -a
sudo -E apt-get install -f

sudo -E apt-get install aptitude
sudo -E aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo -E aptitude dist-upgrade

输出为:https://pastecode.io/s/ytobvrny 仍然出现与上述相同的错误。

EDIT6:我刚刚在您的帖子之前尝试了一些方法,删除了 nvidia 驱动程序。之后我的 gui 消失了。然后我删除了 windows(它是双启动系统),我的 ttys 也消失了。我不记得我的密码了,所以几天都无法登录。现在我无法进入 grub,也许是为了尝试恢复模式。

我只是使用 live usb 并在 live usb 上恢复了 chrome。现在我该怎么办?是否可以通过 live usb 执行某些操作来再次恢复我安装的操作系统?在我的 gui 消失之前,我部分尝试了 @N0rbert 的答案,但我再次收到类似的错误。但没有完成安装所有下载的 deb。

答案1

请尝试N0berts 先回答

我建议在低级别重新安装可能有问题的软件包:
export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games"

cd ~/Downloads
apt-get download python3-minimal
sudo -E dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-minimal*.deb

sudo -E dpkg --configure -a
sudo -E apt-get install -f
sudo -E apt-get install --reinstall python3-minimal
sudo -E apt-get install --reinstall $(dpkg -l | grep ^ii | grep python | awk '{print $2}')
sudo -E dpkg --configure -a
sudo -E apt-get install -f

sudo -E apt-get install aptitude
sudo -E aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo -E aptitude dist-upgrade

尝试分别修复每个包:

mkdir ~/Downloads/debs
cd ~/Downloads/debs
apt-get download devhelp dput gdebi-core python3 python3-psutil apport python3-tz python3-apport python3-cupshelpers python3-monotonic python3-requests-unixsocket python3-six python3-simplejson python3-cups python3-oauthlib python3-chardet python3-configobj python3-secretstorage system-config-printer python3-certifi python3-pexpect python3-cryptography python3-wadllib python3-gi python3-requests python3-ldb python3-idna python3-fasteners python3-urllib3 gnome-shell ubuntu-session ibus gdm3 python3-defer duplicity python3-keyring python3-httplib2 language-selector-common python3-paramiko lsb-release python3-protobuf python3-future python3-rfc3339 python3-macaroonbakery python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python3-ibus-1.0 python3-lazr.restfulclient python3-gi-cairo python3-lib2to3 terminator python3-nacl python3-systemd python3-cffi-backend

sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./devhelp*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./dput*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./gdebi-core*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-psutil*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./apport*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-tz*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-apport*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cupshelpers*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-monotonic*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-requests-unixsocket*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-six*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-simplejson*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cups*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-oauthlib*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-chardet*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-configobj*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-secretstorage*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./system-config-printer*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-certifi*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-pexpect*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cryptography*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-wadllib*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-gi*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-requests*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-ldb*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-idna*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-fasteners*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-urllib3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./gnome-shell*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./ubuntu-session*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./ibus*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./gdm3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-defer*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./duplicity*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-keyring*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-httplib2*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./language-selector-common*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-paramiko*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./lsb-release*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-protobuf*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-future*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-rfc3339*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-macaroonbakery*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-ibus-1.0*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-lazr.restfulclient*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-gi-cairo*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-lib2to3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./terminator*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-nacl*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-systemd*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cffi-backend

sudo apt-get install --reinstall devhelp dput gdebi-core python3 python3-psutil apport python3-tz python3-apport python3-cupshelpers python3-monotonic python3-requests-unixsocket python3-six python3-simplejson python3-cups python3-oauthlib python3-chardet python3-configobj python3-secretstorage system-config-printer python3-certifi python3-pexpect python3-cryptography python3-wadllib python3-gi python3-requests python3-ldb python3-idna python3-fasteners python3-urllib3 gnome-shell ubuntu-session ibus gdm3 python3-defer duplicity python3-keyring python3-httplib2 language-selector-common python3-paramiko lsb-release python3-protobuf python3-future python3-rfc3339 python3-macaroonbakery python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python3-ibus-1.0 python3-lazr.restfulclient python3-gi-cairo python3-lib2to3 terminator python3-nacl python3-systemd python3-cffi-backend

然后从较小的代码块重复上述命令。

如果 N0berts 的回答不起作用,那么很抱歉,您需要继续执行危险命令或完全重新安装

在运行以下命令之前,请执行以下操作(这是可选的,但我们不要冒险) -

  • 安装 ubuntu iso 文件

  • 验证(可选)

  • 将 iso 刻录到 cd-dvd-usb 等。

  • 备份 /home

  • 完毕

请不要做不该做的事情而破坏您的系统,如果您不明白任何事情,请询问,我很确定大多数命令都会超出您的理解范围,所以请随意询问任何事情。

首先运行

sudo apt --fix-broken install

运行上述命令后,尝试再次安装 aptitude

sudo apt -f install aptitude 

让我们看看这是否有效


如果这不起作用,请尝试运行此

sudo rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb

此后,再次尝试安装 aptitude

如果错误仍然存​​在,那么就没有友好的解决方案了,但你需要强制删除所有问题包

怎么做

查看错误信息


Errors were encountered while processing:
 python3
 python3-psutil
 apport
 python3-tz
 python3-apport
 python3-cupshelpers
 python3-monotonic
 python3-requests-unixsocket
 python3-six
 python3-simplejson
 python3-cups
 python3-oauthlib
 python3-chardet
 python3-configobj
 python3-secretstorage
 system-config-printer
 python3-certifi
 python3-pexpect
 python3-cryptography
 python3-wadllib
 python3-gi
 python3-requests
 python3-ldb
 python3-idna
 python3-fasteners
 python3-urllib3
 gnome-shell
 ubuntu-session
 ibus
 gdm3
 python3-defer
 duplicity
 python3-keyring
 python3-httplib2
 language-selector-common
 python3-paramiko
 lsb-release
 python3-protobuf
 python3-future
 python3-rfc3339
 python3-macaroonbakery
 python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets
 python3-ibus-1.0
 python3-lazr.restfulclient
 python3-gi-cairo
 python3-lib2to3
 terminator
 python3-nacl
 python3-systemd
 python3-cffi-backend
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.

因此,要修复它,您需要手动将其从数据库中删除

如何

在启动徽标出现之前按下 Shift 键,在 grub 恢复模式下执行所有操作,然后选择 ubuntu 的高级选项 > 恢复模式 > 进入 root shell // 或者先打开 TTY 运行以下命令,然后按 ,ctrl + alt + f5使用您的(sudo)用户名和密码登录

转到 /var/lib/dpkg/info

cd /var/lib/dpkg/info/

现在,正如我们看到上述错误,我们需要删除问题包

看到这一行

errors were encountered during processing

这意味着在这行之后的所有内容都只是一个包名称

所以第一个包是“python3”

sudo mv python3* $HOME
### WARNING DON'T CLOSE THE SHELL DON'T DO ANYTHING AFTER THAT 

嘿,听着,我们不会删除文件,只是将它们移动到其他位置,所以,如果发生任何不好的事情,我们仍然可以修复它,因为我们有备份

然后再次测试

sudo apt -f install aptitude 

再次查看错误消息(此后大多数错误都消失了)

然后对所有错误包再次执行相同操作(sudo mv error-package* $HOME

完成上述所有操作后,你将看到可以安装和使用 apt 包

现在修复所有复制/粘贴此行(如果您正在尝试,则需要手动输入此行)

for package in $(apt-get upgrade 2>&1 | grep "warning: files list file for package '" | grep -Po "[^'\n ]+'" | grep -Po "[^']+"); do apt-get install --reinstall "$package"; done

如果运行后没有返回任何内容sudo apt install python3-all,你仍然会收到一条错误消息,指出缺少包 x 的文件,不要理会该错误

最后无论发生什么,您都需要运行这些命令。

确保运行-

sudo apt install python3-all
sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude -f upgrade
sudo aptitude -f install --reinstall ubuntu-session
sudo reboot 

现在你的问题越来越不应该被解决了

答案2

我建议在低级别重新安装可能有问题的软件包:

export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games"

cd ~/Downloads
apt-get download python3-minimal
sudo -E dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-minimal*.deb

sudo -E dpkg --configure -a
sudo -E apt-get install -f
sudo -E apt-get install --reinstall python3-minimal
sudo -E apt-get install --reinstall $(dpkg -l | grep ^ii | grep python | awk '{print $2}')
sudo -E dpkg --configure -a
sudo -E apt-get install -f

sudo -E apt-get install aptitude
sudo -E aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo -E aptitude dist-upgrade

尝试分别修复每个包:

mkdir ~/Downloads/debs
cd ~/Downloads/debs
apt-get download devhelp dput gdebi-core python3 python3-psutil apport python3-tz python3-apport python3-cupshelpers python3-monotonic python3-requests-unixsocket python3-six python3-simplejson python3-cups python3-oauthlib python3-chardet python3-configobj python3-secretstorage system-config-printer python3-certifi python3-pexpect python3-cryptography python3-wadllib python3-gi python3-requests python3-ldb python3-idna python3-fasteners python3-urllib3 gnome-shell ubuntu-session ibus gdm3 python3-defer duplicity python3-keyring python3-httplib2 language-selector-common python3-paramiko lsb-release python3-protobuf python3-future python3-rfc3339 python3-macaroonbakery python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python3-ibus-1.0 python3-lazr.restfulclient python3-gi-cairo python3-lib2to3 terminator python3-nacl python3-systemd python3-cffi-backend

sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./devhelp*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./dput*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./gdebi-core*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-psutil*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./apport*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-tz*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-apport*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cupshelpers*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-monotonic*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-requests-unixsocket*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-six*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-simplejson*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cups*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-oauthlib*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-chardet*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-configobj*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-secretstorage*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./system-config-printer*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-certifi*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-pexpect*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cryptography*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-wadllib*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-gi*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-requests*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-ldb*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-idna*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-fasteners*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-urllib3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./gnome-shell*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./ubuntu-session*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./ibus*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./gdm3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-defer*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./duplicity*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-keyring*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-httplib2*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./language-selector-common*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-paramiko*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./lsb-release*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-protobuf*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-future*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-rfc3339*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-macaroonbakery*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-ibus-1.0*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-lazr.restfulclient*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-gi-cairo*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-lib2to3*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./terminator*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-nacl*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-systemd*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all ./python3-cffi-backend

sudo apt-get install --reinstall devhelp dput gdebi-core python3 python3-psutil apport python3-tz python3-apport python3-cupshelpers python3-monotonic python3-requests-unixsocket python3-six python3-simplejson python3-cups python3-oauthlib python3-chardet python3-configobj python3-secretstorage system-config-printer python3-certifi python3-pexpect python3-cryptography python3-wadllib python3-gi python3-requests python3-ldb python3-idna python3-fasteners python3-urllib3 gnome-shell ubuntu-session ibus gdm3 python3-defer duplicity python3-keyring python3-httplib2 language-selector-common python3-paramiko lsb-release python3-protobuf python3-future python3-rfc3339 python3-macaroonbakery python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python3-ibus-1.0 python3-lazr.restfulclient python3-gi-cairo python3-lib2to3 terminator python3-nacl python3-systemd python3-cffi-backend

然后从较小的代码块重复上述命令。

不要尝试删除文件/var/lib/dpkg/info/- 这是很危险的,并且可能会使情况变得更糟,直到完全重新安装。

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