我有一张 GeForce RTX 3060 Ti 显卡，并全新安装了 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS。我的主板来自 MSI：PRO Z690-A DDR4(MS-7D25)。我已经从可启动的 USB 驱动器安装了操作系统，并选择了选项Download updates while installing Ubuntu和Install third-party software for graphics and Wi-Fi hardware and additional media formats。安装后，我启动了操作系统。
现在我仍然想要 NVIDIA 驱动程序，所以我遵循这教程。
我已经使用 GUI 软件更新程序更新了软件。我查看了“软件和更新”中的“附加驱动程序”部分，并选择了 Nouveau 驱动程序。我单击了Using NVIDIA driver metapackage from nvidia-driver-470 (proprietary, tested)选项，应用了更改并重新启动。现在我的 PC 无法通过 MSI 启动徽标。我可以使用 Ctrl+Alt+F3 获得 tty。从那里我执行了以下命令：
$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002489sv000010DEsd0000153Cbc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
driver : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-495 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-460-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-460 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
请注意，我没有得到字段model！我不知道为什么……
$ nvidia-settings -q all
Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
ERROR: The control display is undefined; please run `nvidia-settings --help` for usage information.
$ nvidia-smi
Wed Dec 22 11:47:05 2021
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 470.86 Driver Version: 470.86 CUDA Version: 11.4 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce ... Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| 0% 33C P8 6W / 200W | 14MiB / 7982MiB | 0% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 1017 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 8MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 1310 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 3MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
$ nvidia-smi --query-gpu=name --format=csv,noheader
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Ti
$ sudo lshw -c video
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GA104 [GeForce RTX 3060 Ti Lite Hash Rate]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
resources: irq:160 memory:42000000-42ffffff memory:60000000-6fffffff memory:70000000-71ffffff ioport:5000(size=128) memory:43000000-4307ffff
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: AlderLake-S GT1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 0c
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:41000000-41ffffff memory:50000000-5fffffff ioport:6000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff memory:45000000-4bffffff
$ systemctl status gdm
● gdm.service - GNOME Display Manager
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/gdm.service; static; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-12-22 11:17:05 CET; 31min ago
Process: 892 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/gdm/generate-config (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 913 ExecStartPre=/usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-wait-for-drm (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 916 (gdm3)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 76852)
Memory: 5.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/gdm.service
└─916 /usr/sbin/gdm3
dec 22 11:17:05 spectroag systemd[1]: Starting GNOME Display Manager...
dec 22 11:17:05 spectroag systemd[1]: Started GNOME Display Manager.
dec 22 11:17:07 spectroag gdm-autologin][961]: gkr-pam: no password is available for user
dec 22 11:17:07 spectroag gdm-autologin][961]: pam_unix(gdm-autologin:session): session opened for user developer by (uid=0)
dec 22 11:17:07 spectroag gdm-autologin][961]: gkr-pam: gnome-keyring-daemon started properly
（我安装了具有自动登录功能的 Ubuntu）
$ sudo lspci -vnn | grep -i VGA -A 25
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:4680] (rev 0c) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
DeviceName: Onboard - Video
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:7d25]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 255
Memory at 41000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at 50000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at 6000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable+ 64bit-
Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [100] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
Capabilities: [200] Address Translation Service (ATS)
Capabilities: [300] Page Request Interface (PRI)
Capabilities: [320] Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)
00:06.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:464d] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 123
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: [disabled]
Memory behind bridge: 44800000-448fffff [size=1M]
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: [disabled]
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Device [0000:0000]
--
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:2489] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:153c]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 160
Memory at 42000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at 60000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at 70000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at 5000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at 43000000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [258] L1 PM Substates
Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI Express
Capabilities: [bb0] Resizable BAR <?>
Capabilities: [c1c] Physical Layer 16.0 GT/s <?>
Capabilities: [d00] Lane Margining at the Receiver <?>
Capabilities: [e00] Data Link Feature <?>
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
$ prime-select query
nvidia
$ ps aux | grep X
root 1017 0.0 0.0 25358216 56396 tty2 Sl+ 11:17 0:01 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg vt2 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -background none -noreset -keeptty -verbose 3
root 2905 0.0 0.0 25346156 51956 tty1 Sl+ 11:50 0:00 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg vt1 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/125/gdm/Xauthority -background none -noreset -keeptty -verbose 3
develop+ 3488 0.0 0.0 17676 664 tty3 R+ 12:12 0:00 grep --color=auto X
（我在 tty3 中执行此操作）
$ cat /etc/default/grub | grep CMDLINE
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
知道会发生什么吗？它看起来很像应该可以工作，但我看不到任何视觉效果。
在我的 BIOS 中，我可以看到安全启动已被禁用，如果重要的话，我也会使用 UEFI。
如果我需要提供更多信息，请告诉我！
编辑：我让屏幕在启动时显示日志，这样我就可以看到它在卡住之前在做什么。这是屏幕上显示的最后一部分：
[ OK ] Started Session 1 of user developer.
Starting RealtimeKit Scheduling Policy Service...
Starting NVIDIA Persistence Daemon...
[ OK ] Started NVIDIA Persistence Daemon.
[ OK ] Started Snap Daemon.
Starting Wait until snapd is fully seeded...
[ OK ] Finished Wait until snapd is fully seeded.
[ OK ] Started RealtimeKit Scheduling Policy Service.
Starting Daemon for power management...
[ OK ] Started Daemon for power management.
我期望的大多数流程也都在那里，但我无法为您复制所有内容。看起来它在完成后仍然有效，但我不知道为什么仍然...
更新 ：我已经安装了 Ubuntu 21.10，并使用 sudo apt install nvidia-driver-470 下载了驱动程序。重新启动时，我遇到了与帖子中描述相同的情况。这次，我也无法通过按 ctrl alt f3 进入 VT3，因为它一直回到我认为是 VT1（登录屏幕）的位置，显示带有光标的黑屏（再次像帖子中那样）。
更新：我尝试更新我的BIOS 版本，但 v11 版本使我的整个系统崩溃，我不得不手动将 BIOS 降级回 v10。我尝试使用 495.44 驱动程序，也尝试使用不在标准存储库中的 470.94 驱动程序。我尝试使用内核 5.15。不幸的是，什么都没起作用。使用内核 5.15 和驱动程序 495.44 时，最新的启动日志是“正在启动显示 Plymouth 启动屏幕...”，我没有看到任何日志表明它已完成。
更新：以下是更多信息：/var/log/boot.log，在我看来这很正常。/var/lib/gdm3/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log，它显示了一个有趣的错误。对于这两个日志，我在全新安装时使用的是内核 5.13.0-22-generic 和 NVIDIA 驱动程序 470.86。
答案1
我让它工作了！我很愚蠢，这么晚才这样做，但我的显示器连接到主板的 HDMI 端口，而不是 GPU。只需将电缆移到 GPU 端口即可解决问题，因为驱动程序工作正常……我希望没有其他人遇到这种情况！