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修改datadir后为什么我的mysql无法启动？

tag-icon • tag-icon 20.04 mysql 22.04 apparmor
修改datadir后为什么我的mysql无法启动？

问题

操作系统:ubuntu 20.04/22.04（已尝试）
mysql：mysql8
磁盘：机械硬盘

修改存储路径mysql无法启动，
按照网上的说明无数次，但最终都失败了，都返回如下信息：

$ sudo systemctl start mysql
Job for mysql.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xeu mysql.service" for details.

我的操作：

    1  sudo apt update
    2  sudo apt install mysql-server mysql-client
    3  sudo grep -R --color datadir /etc/mysql/*
    4  sudo lsblk | grep disk
    5  sudo fdisk /dev/sdd
    6  sudo lsblk | grep disk
    7  sudo fdisk /dev/sdd
    8  sudo mkfs.ext4 -L db_data /dev/sdd1
    9  sudo mkdir /db
   10  sudo nano /etc/fstab
   11  df -h /db
   12  sudo chown mysql:mysql /db
   13  sudo systemctl stop mysql
   14  sudo rsync -avzh /var/lib/mysql/ /db
   15  sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias
   16  sudo systemctl restart apparmor
   17  sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
   18  sudo systemctl start mysql

在此处输入图片描述

日志

/var/log/mysql/error.log

2022-05-02T22:51:37.712572Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /db/ is case insensitive
2022-05-02T22:51:37.713036Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2022-05-02T22:51:37.713175Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.28-0ubuntu4)  (Ubuntu).
mysqld: File './binlog.index' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
2022-05-02T22:51:38.252419Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /db/mysqld_tmp_file_case_insensitive_test.lower-test
2022-05-02T22:51:38.252459Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28-0ubuntu4) starting as process 10542
2022-05-02T22:51:38.253869Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /db/mysqld_tmp_file_case_insensitive_test.lower-test
2022-05-02T22:51:38.253874Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /db/ is case insensitive
2022-05-02T22:51:38.254172Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2022-05-02T22:51:38.254252Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.28-0ubuntu4)  (Ubuntu).

sudo systemctl status mysql

× mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enable>
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2022-05-02 22:51:38 UTC; 34min ago
    Process: 10533 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited,>
    Process: 10542 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Main PID: 10542 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
     Status: "Server startup in progress"
      Error: 13 (权限不够)
        CPU: 268ms

5月 02 22:51:38 ubuntu systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart count>
5月 02 22:51:38 ubuntu systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.
5月 02 22:51:38 ubuntu systemd[1]: mysql.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
5月 02 22:51:38 ubuntu systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
5月 02 22:51:38 ubuntu systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.

我的配置：

/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias

alias /var/lib/mysql/ -> /db/,

/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf（/etc/mysql/my.cnf也尝试过）

...
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket  = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
datadir = /db
...

其他尝试：

  • 安装前先安装至/var/lib/mysql（失败）
  • 请勿修改datadir修改其他（成功）

参考：

期望您的幫助，謝謝！

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