我正在尝试双启动 Windows 11 和 Ubuntu 21.10。我可以从我的 UEFI 设置启动其中之一，但当我启动 Ubuntu 时，我没有看到 GRUB 窗口。
无论我尝试做什么，我都无法让 GRUB 检测到 Windows。我尝试过 os-prober，尝试过启用 os-prober，但它找不到我的 Windows 安装。我将它们安装在两个不同的 SSD 上。
我对 Linux 和 Ubuntu 还不太熟悉。
如果我运行sudo parted -l我会得到这个：
Model: ATA CT250MX500SSD1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 250GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot, esp
2 538MB 250GB 250GB ext4
Model: Samsung SSD 980 1TB (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1000GB 1000GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata
启动修复启动信息摘要：
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1.
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
nvme0n1p1: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 7
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/BOOT/bkpbootx64.efi /efi/BOOT/bootx64.efi
/efi/BOOT/fbx64.efi /efi/BOOT/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 22.10
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
================================ 2 OS detected =================================
OS#1: Ubuntu 22.10 on sda2
OS#2: Windows 7 on nvme0n1p1
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: Baffin [Radeon RX 460/560D / Pro 450/455/460/555/555X/560/560X] from Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
BOOT_IMAGE of the installed session in use:
/boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0-29-generic root=UUID=c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
df -Th / : /dev/sda2 ext4 228G 13G 204G 6% /
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: P2.00(5.14) from American Megatrends Inc.
The firmware is EFI-compatible, and is set in EFI-mode for this installed-session.
No EFI in dmseg.
SecureBoot disabled (confirmed by mokutil).
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 1 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0003,0002
Boot0000* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,d7e3d59a-ae4b-4c5e-b1ae-df8871f8f774,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\UBUNTU\SHIMX64.EFI)
Boot0002* Hard Drive BBS(HD,,0x0)..GO..NO........q.S.a.m.s.u.n.g. .S.S.D. .9.8.0. .1.T.B....................A...........................%8.!........4..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.S.6.4.A.N.L.0.T.7.1.8.0.8.1.R........BO..NO........u.C.T.2.5.0.M.X.5.0.0.S.S.D.1....................A.................................>..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.2.2.6.2.6.E.2.4.1.F.3.7. . . . . . . . ........BO
Boot0003* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,305ddbb2-90eb-465a-9f1d-f7af7ca1c812,0x800,0x74706000)/File(\EFI\MICROSOFT\BOOT\BOOTMGFW.EFI)..BO
56ead1707eebecdf4be3d0ac81874426 nvme0n1p1/Boot/bootx64.efi
56ead1707eebecdf4be3d0ac81874426 nvme0n1p1/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
37130342d94333ead74a46c7288ce233 nvme0n1p1/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
nvme0n1 : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : is-os, 64, apt-get, signed grub-pc grub-efi , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
nvme0n1p1 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : isnotESP, fstab-has-goodEFI, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p1 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
nvme0n1p1 : not--sepboot, no-kernel, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
sda1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk nvme0n1: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 2A9A5038-3C0B-4D1C-A554-33ADC55F7AAE
Start End Sectors Size Type
nvme0n1p1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Microsoft basic data
Disk sda: 232.89 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Disk identifier: 50981654-A385-420C-9110-0E90ECA36891
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
sda2 1050624 488396799 487346176 232.4G Linux filesystem
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:250GB:scsi:512:4096:gpt:ATA CT250MX500SSD1:;
1:1049kB:538MB:537MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
2:538MB:250GB:250GB:ext4::;
nvme0n1:1000GB:nvme:512:512:gpt:Samsung SSD 980 1TB:;
1:1049kB:1000GB:1000GB:ntfs::msftdata;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 vfat C383-C3F6 d7e3d59a-ae4b-4c5e-b1ae-df8871f8f774 EFI System Partition
└─sda2 ext4 c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3 02d643a4-3f11-4ae4-a102-05bd7ade431a
nvme0n1
└─nvme0n1p1 ntfs FAE00213E001D6B3 305ddbb2-90eb-465a-9f1d-f7af7ca1c812 Basic data partition
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p1 617.7G 34% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1
/dev/sda2 203.4G 6% /
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
===================== sda1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
search.fs_uuid c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3 root hd0,gpt2
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
====================== sda2/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Ubuntu c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.19.0-29-generic c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.19.0-21-generic c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
UEFI Firmware Settings uefi-firmware
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
========================== sda2/etc/fstab (filtered) ===========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=c90fc845-57ac-4db7-b4e4-d5b1771ffba3 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=C383-C3F6 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
======================= sda2/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
==================== sda2: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
46.453781128 = 49.879367680 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
40.824775696 = 43.835269120 boot/vmlinuz 1
16.668518066 = 17.897684992 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0-21-generic 1
40.824775696 = 43.835269120 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0-29-generic 1
16.668518066 = 17.897684992 boot/vmlinuz.old 1
46.439990997 = 49.864560640 boot/initrd.img 1
96.682163239 = 103.811682304 boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-21-generic 2
46.439990997 = 49.864560640 boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-29-generic 1
96.682163239 = 103.811682304 boot/initrd.img.old 2
===================== sda2: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ======================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18683 Sep 19 09:00 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43263 Sep 19 09:00 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14387 Sep 19 09:00 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13369 Sep 19 09:00 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1372 Sep 19 09:00 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Aug 30 13:33 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Sep 19 09:00 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Sep 19 09:00 41_custom
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub-efi of
sda2,
using the following options: sda1/boot/efi
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s use-standard-efi-file restore-efi-backups
Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________
Please do not forget to make your UEFI firmware boot on the Ubuntu 22.10 entry (sda1/efi/****/grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message) file) !
If your computer reboots directly into Windows, try to change the boot order in your UEFI firmware.
If your UEFI firmware does not allow to change the boot order, change the default boot entry of the Windows bootloader.
For example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in an admin command prompt:
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\****\grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message)
答案1
我设法修复了它！Grub2win 一开始不起作用。我尝试了本指南的第 2 部分：https://www.minitool.com/data-recovery/boot-configuration-data-missing.html- 基本上，我使用他们的媒体工具将 Windows 11 安装到 USB 记忆棒上，然后启动它。打开恢复模式，转到故障排除 > 命令提示符并运行：
bootrec.exe /Rebuildbcd
bootrec.exe /Fixmbr
bootrec.exe /Fixboot
bcdedit /export C:\BCD_Backup
然后，grub2win 似乎安装得很好，我可以设置启动菜单。