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为什么安装 python venv 软件时会出现此错误？

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为什么安装 python venv 软件时会出现此错误？

我对 Linux 和 Python 还很陌生，我正在尝试安装 Python 软件（开放式电机) 在 python 虚拟环境中按照作者的建议进行操作，但在尝试安装所需的包时出现此错误消息。


$ pip install -r requirements.txt

Collecting appdirs
  Using cached appdirs-1.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.6 kB)
Collecting cycler
  Using cached cycler-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (6.4 kB)
Collecting decorator
  Using cached decorator-5.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (9.1 kB)
Processing /home/daniel/.cache/pip/wheels/56/ea/58/ead137b087d9e326852a851351d1debf4ada529b6ac0ec4e8c/docopt-0.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ezdxf
  Using cached ezdxf-1.0.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (3.2 MB)
Collecting imageio
  Using cached imageio-2.26.1-py3-none-any.whl (3.4 MB)
Collecting matplotlib
  Using cached matplotlib-3.7.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (9.2 MB)
Collecting networkx
  Using cached networkx-3.0-py3-none-any.whl (2.0 MB)
Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-1.24.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (17.3 MB)
Collecting Pillow
  Using cached Pillow-9.4.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.3 MB)
Collecting pyparsing
  Using cached pyparsing-3.0.9-py3-none-any.whl (98 kB)
Collecting pyqt-distutils
  Using cached pyqt_distutils-0.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.8 kB)
Collecting PyQt5
  Using cached PyQt5-5.15.9.tar.gz (3.2 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /home/daniel/openMotor/.venv/bin/python3 /tmp/tmpnkx3pbua prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpbc53w75u
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-n21cyx0e/PyQt5
    Complete output (31 lines):
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/tmp/tmpnkx3pbua", line 126, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
    AttributeError: module 'sipbuild.api' has no attribute 'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel'
    
    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/tmp/tmpnkx3pbua", line 280, in <module>
        main()
      File "/tmp/tmpnkx3pbua", line 263, in main
        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
      File "/tmp/tmpnkx3pbua", line 130, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
        return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(backend, metadata_directory,
      File "/tmp/tmpnkx3pbua", line 159, in _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel
        whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-zzcpxk69/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sipbuild/api.py", line 46, in build_wheel
        project = AbstractProject.bootstrap('wheel',
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-zzcpxk69/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sipbuild/abstract_project.py", line 87, in bootstrap
        project.setup(pyproject, tool, tool_description)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-zzcpxk69/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sipbuild/project.py", line 585, in setup
        self.apply_user_defaults(tool)
      File "/tmp/pip-install-n21cyx0e/PyQt5/project.py", line 68, in apply_user_defaults
        super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-zzcpxk69/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyqtbuild/project.py", line 70, in apply_user_defaults
        super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-zzcpxk69/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sipbuild/project.py", line 236, in apply_user_defaults
        self.builder.apply_user_defaults(tool)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-zzcpxk69/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyqtbuild/builder.py", line 69, in apply_user_defaults
        raise PyProjectOptionException('qmake',
    sipbuild.pyproject.PyProjectOptionException
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/daniel/openMotor/.venv/bin/python3 /tmp/tmpnkx3pbua prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpbc53w75u Check the logs for full command output.

该软件是在 Python 3.10 中开发的，但我的 venv 运行的是 3.8，我猜想因为它是我的主要 Python 安装，这可能是原因吗？如果不是，有什么解决方法吗？

谢谢

答案1

问题是该程序qmake不在你的PATH（提示：https://stackoverflow.com/a/72046110）。如果您的系统上没有该程序，您可以通过以下方式安装：

sudo apt-get install qt5-qmake

虚拟环境是个好主意，因为它隔离了你的Python该项目的依赖项。但pyqt有 Python 生态系统之外的依赖项。

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