不久前，在更新一些软件包后，KDE 停止运行，我只看到黑屏，但我能够使用 ctrl+alt+f2 进入终端。重新安装 KDE（不是整个操作系统，只是软件包）后，我能够让它再次工作。在此之前，我确实尝试重新安装 amdgpu 驱动程序，但失败了。（我使用的是配备 ryzen cpu（radeon 显卡）+ nvidia rtx 3070 的笔记本电脑）
KDE 功能正常，除了 3 个外部屏幕中的 2 个不再工作（它们之前工作正常）。我只能让内部屏幕和 1 个外部显示器工作。1 个显示器通过 HDMI 连接，另外 2 个显示器使用 usb-c 转显示端口适配器通过显示端口连接。正在工作的屏幕是显示端口屏幕之一。我尝试删除 kscreen 设置并重新启动，但这不起作用。
这是所有显示器都已连接时的 xrandr 输出，我已启用 2 个外接显示器，但只有 1 个在工作。其他（内置和外接显示器）均已禁用。（如果我启用第 3 个外接显示器，则只能看到半个屏幕。）
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 5119 x 1440, maximum 16384 x 16384
eDP connected primary (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
2560x1600 165.00 + 60.00 +
1920x1200 165.00
1920x1080 165.00
1600x1200 165.00
1680x1050 165.00
1280x1024 165.00
1440x900 165.00
1280x800 165.00
1280x720 165.00
1024x768 165.00
800x600 165.00
640x480 165.00
DisplayPort-0 connected 2560x1440+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 597mm x 336mm
2560x1440 59.95*+
1920x1440 60.00
2560x1080 60.00 59.94 50.00 30.00 29.97 24.00 23.98 25.00
2048x1152 60.00
1920x1200 59.88
1920x1080 60.00 50.00 59.94 30.00 25.00 24.00 29.97 23.98
1600x1200 59.95
1680x1050 59.95
1280x1024 75.02 60.02
1440x900 59.89
1280x800 59.95
1152x864 75.00
1280x720 60.00 50.00 59.94
1440x576 50.00
1024x768 75.03 70.07 60.00
1440x480 60.00 59.94
832x624 74.55
800x600 72.19 75.00 60.32 56.25
720x576 50.00
720x480 60.00 59.94
640x480 75.00 72.81 66.67 60.00 59.94
720x400 70.08
DisplayPort-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DisplayPort-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DisplayPort-3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DisplayPort-4 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DisplayPort-5 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-1-7 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
2560x1440 59.95 +
1920x1200 59.88
1920x1080 60.00 50.00 59.94 23.98
1600x1200 60.00
1680x1050 59.95
1280x1024 75.02 60.02
1280x800 59.81
1152x864 75.00
1280x720 60.00 50.00 59.94
1024x768 75.03 60.00
800x600 75.00 60.32
720x576 50.00
720x480 59.94
640x480 75.00 59.94 59.93
DP-1-8 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI-1-1 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
1920x1080 60.00 + 50.00 59.94
1600x1200 60.00
1680x1050 59.95
1280x1024 60.02
1440x900 59.89
1280x960 60.00
1280x720 50.00 59.94
1152x720 60.00
1024x768 60.00
800x600 60.32 56.25
720x576 50.00
720x480 59.94
640x480 59.94 59.93
eDP-1-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
2560x1440 (0x67) 241.500MHz +HSync -VSync
h: width 2560 start 2608 end 2640 total 2720 skew 0 clock 88.79KHz
v: height 1440 start 1443 end 1448 total 1481 clock 59.95Hz
1920x1200 (0x72) 193.250MHz -HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2056 end 2256 total 2592 skew 0 clock 74.56KHz
v: height 1200 start 1203 end 1209 total 1245 clock 59.88Hz
1920x1080 (0x74) 148.500MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2448 end 2492 total 2640 skew 0 clock 56.25KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 50.00Hz
1680x1050 (0x7c) 146.250MHz -HSync +VSync
h: width 1680 start 1784 end 1960 total 2240 skew 0 clock 65.29KHz
v: height 1050 start 1053 end 1059 total 1089 clock 59.95Hz
1280x1024 (0x7d) 135.000MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1296 end 1440 total 1688 skew 0 clock 79.98KHz
v: height 1024 start 1025 end 1028 total 1066 clock 75.02Hz
1280x1024 (0x7e) 108.000MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1328 end 1440 total 1688 skew 0 clock 63.98KHz
v: height 1024 start 1025 end 1028 total 1066 clock 60.02Hz
1152x864 (0x81) 108.000MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1152 start 1216 end 1344 total 1600 skew 0 clock 67.50KHz
v: height 864 start 865 end 868 total 900 clock 75.00Hz
1280x720 (0x82) 74.250MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1390 end 1430 total 1650 skew 0 clock 45.00KHz
v: height 720 start 725 end 730 total 750 clock 60.00Hz
1280x720 (0x83) 74.250MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1720 end 1760 total 1980 skew 0 clock 37.50KHz
v: height 720 start 725 end 730 total 750 clock 50.00Hz
1024x768 (0x86) 78.750MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1024 start 1040 end 1136 total 1312 skew 0 clock 60.02KHz
v: height 768 start 769 end 772 total 800 clock 75.03Hz
1024x768 (0x88) 65.000MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 1024 start 1048 end 1184 total 1344 skew 0 clock 48.36KHz
v: height 768 start 771 end 777 total 806 clock 60.00Hz
800x600 (0x8d) 49.500MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 800 start 816 end 896 total 1056 skew 0 clock 46.88KHz
v: height 600 start 601 end 604 total 625 clock 75.00Hz
800x600 (0x8e) 40.000MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 800 start 840 end 968 total 1056 skew 0 clock 37.88KHz
v: height 600 start 601 end 605 total 628 clock 60.32Hz
720x576 (0x90) 27.000MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 720 start 732 end 796 total 864 skew 0 clock 31.25KHz
v: height 576 start 581 end 586 total 625 clock 50.00Hz
720x480 (0x92) 27.000MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 720 start 736 end 798 total 858 skew 0 clock 31.47KHz
v: height 480 start 489 end 495 total 525 clock 59.94Hz
640x480 (0x93) 31.500MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 640 start 656 end 720 total 840 skew 0 clock 37.50KHz
v: height 480 start 481 end 484 total 500 clock 75.00Hz
640x480 (0x97) 25.175MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 640 start 656 end 752 total 800 skew 0 clock 31.47KHz
v: height 480 start 490 end 492 total 525 clock 59.94Hz
1920x1080 (0x73) 148.500MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 67.50KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 60.00Hz
1440x900 (0x7f) 106.500MHz -HSync +VSync
h: width 1440 start 1520 end 1672 total 1904 skew 0 clock 55.93KHz
v: height 900 start 903 end 909 total 934 clock 59.89Hz
800x600 (0x8f) 36.000MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 800 start 824 end 896 total 1024 skew 0 clock 35.16KHz
v: height 600 start 601 end 603 total 625 clock 56.25Hz
信息：
hwinfo --gfxcard --short
graphics card:
nVidia GA104M [GeForce RTX 3070 Mobile / Max-Q]
ATI VGA compatible controller
Primary display adapter: #18
GPU：
sudo lspci -k | grep -A 2 -i "VGA"
pcilib: Error reading /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:08.3/label: Operation not permitted
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA104M [GeForce RTX 3070 Mobile / Max-Q] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Lenovo GA104M [GeForce RTX 3070 Mobile / Max-Q]
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
--
34:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Rembrandt [Radeon 680M] (rev c8)
Subsystem: Lenovo Rembrandt [Radeon 680M]
Kernel driver in use: amdgpu
amdgpu-install 输出：
Hit:1 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar InRelease
Hit:2 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease
Hit:3 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar-updates InRelease
Hit:4 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/cappelikan/ppa/ubuntu lunar InRelease
Hit:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:6 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar-backports InRelease
Hit:7 https://repo.fig.io/apt stable InRelease
Hit:8 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/edge stable InRelease
Get:9 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams stable InRelease [5.931 B]
Ign:10 https://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease
Hit:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar-security InRelease
Hit:12 https://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release
Hit:13 https://repo.radeon.com/amdgpu/5.4.6/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:14 https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/5.4.6 focal InRelease
Fetched 5.931 B in 1s (5.671 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
linux-headers-6.2.0-23-generic is already the newest version (6.2.0-23.23).
linux-headers-6.2.0-23-generic set to manually installed.
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libegl1-amdgpu-mesa:i386 : Depends: libwayland-amdgpu-client0:i386 but it is not installable
Depends: libwayland-amdgpu-server0:i386 but it is not installable
libgbm1-amdgpu:i386 : Depends: libwayland-amdgpu-server0:i386 but it is not installable
libwayland-amdgpu-client0 : Depends: libffi7 (>= 3.3~20180313) but it is not installable
libwayland-amdgpu-server0 : Depends: libffi7 (>= 3.3~20180313) but it is not installable
xserver-xorg-amdgpu-video-amdgpu : Depends: xorg-video-abi-24 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module 525.116.04 Thu Apr 27 17:56:37 UTC 2023
GCC version:
我该怎么做才能让所有外接显示器重新工作？
我还尝试查看是否可以使用 GNOME 的软件和更新“附加驱动程序”选项卡切换驱动程序，但它卡在“继续使用手动安装的驱动程序”上，所有其他选项都显示为灰色。
答案1
最后修复了它
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
我之前犹豫要不要用这个，因为我之前用过，结果黑屏了。但这次似乎可以轻松修复我的 nvidia 驱动程序。:)
此后，外接显示器可以正常工作，但渲染速度仍然很慢（只有当我的鼠标位于该屏幕上时才能正确渲染）。我使用命令修复了这个问题
nvidia-settings
然后在“PRIME Profiles”中切换到 NVIDIA（性能模式）。重启后一切正常。
运行 amdgpu-install 时，它仍然显示 sam 错误（未找到 libffi7，但我似乎找不到如何安装此包）。如果有人能解释为什么会发生这种情况以及如何修复（如果我应该修复它），那就太好了。