我有一台 HP EliteDesk 800 GM D1 迷你机箱，我曾在其内置 SSD 上（反复）安装 Ubuntu 22.04.1 和 22.04.3（全新和完全更新）。在所有情况下，USB3 端口都无法识别 USB3 驱动器。我已将此内置 SSD 与联想 W500 笔记本电脑的 SSD（Ubu 22.04.3）交换，但 USB 问题仍然存在于 HP 机箱中（联想机箱中的所有驱动器都自动安装）。
为了排除端口问题（在之前的 Ubuntu（16.04）上运行良好），我尝试将多个不同的驱动器连接到每个端口（支持此 USB3 键盘和鼠标以及连接它们的 USB3 集线器的相同端口）。结果有点令人困惑。
只有两个驱动器能够自动挂载；两个 Kingston USB2 驱动器均格式化为安装程序（Ubuntu 22.04.1 和 ProxMox）。其他驱动器（带有 EXT4 和 UDF 的 USB3 WD、带有 FAT32 和 UDF 的 USB3 拇指驱动器、带有 FAT32 的存储卡（USB3 读卡器））均无法挂载。此外，lsusb、lsblk、blkid、Disks 和 GParted 等工具未显示这些故障所附加的任何内容。最后，dmesg 没有显示与这些故障的附加和分离相关的任何条目，journalctl 也没有显示任何活动。
我使用 UDF 取出一个 USB3 拇指并创建了一个 Ubu 22.04.3 安装程序。它仍然无法识别。然后我取出 USB2 Ubu 22.04.1 安装程序（这些安装程序都是 ISO9660）并将其创建为 22.04.3。它自动安装。
编辑 2：看起来正常运行的驱动器是 USB2，而发生故障的驱动器则试图通过 USB3 运行。但是，USB3 集线器按预期工作；我甚至可以连接 USB2 安装程序，它通过 USB3 集线器自动安装。
下面的输出是连接了 Kingston USB2 安装程序 (22.04.3) 和 WD USB3 EXT4 后的结果。
$ sudo lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop1 7:1 0 62M 1 loop /snap/core20/1587
loop2 7:2 0 63.5M 1 loop /snap/core20/2015
loop3 7:3 0 73.9M 1 loop /snap/core22/864
loop4 7:4 0 163.3M 1 loop /snap/firefox/1635
loop5 7:5 0 236.9M 1 loop /snap/firefox/3131
loop6 7:6 0 400.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/112
loop7 7:7 0 349.7M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/143
loop8 7:8 0 485.5M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/126
loop9 7:9 0 496.9M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/132
loop10 7:10 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop11 7:11 0 45.9M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/582
loop12 7:12 0 12.3M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/959
loop13 7:13 0 40.8M 1 loop /snap/snapd/20092
loop14 7:14 0 284K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/14
loop15 7:15 0 452K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/83
sda 8:0 0 119.2G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2 8:2 0 118.7G 0 part /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell
/
sdb 8:16 1 14.5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 1 4.7G 0 part /media/X/Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS amd64
├─sdb2 8:18 1 4.9M 0 part
└─sdb3 8:19 1 300K 0 part
$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda2: UUID="87549ab1-a5e5-4de2-ba03-d7379bd2107d" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="80e7635e-d96e-4b12-af65-6eb1cbddcbdb"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop8: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sdb2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="ESP" LABEL="ESP" UUID="F7DB-4D56" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Appended2" PARTUUID="f45e2fa1-c5a6-4d79-876d-c8245af921e0"
/dev/sdb3: PARTLABEL="Gap1" PARTUUID="f45e2fa1-c5a6-4d79-876c-c8245af921e0"
/dev/sdb1: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2023-08-08-01-19-05-00" LABEL="Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PARTLABEL="ISO9660" PARTUUID="f45e2fa1-c5a6-4d79-876e-c8245af921e0"
/dev/loop15: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop13: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop11: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop9: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="665D-3D08" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="26c459fa-c12f-4bd2-b634-742e3371f6a4"
/dev/loop14: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop12: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop3: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop10: TYPE="squashfs"
$ sudo lsusb
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 0930:6544 Toshiba Corp. TransMemory-Mini / Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:8008 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
无论是否连接 WD USB3 EXT4 驱动器，此输出都不会改变：
$ ls -l /dev/* | wc -l
514
（连接金士顿 USB2 后，数字升至 528。）
解开或解决这个谜团的下一步是什么？
编辑：在评论中请求（@waltinator）。
$ sudo journalctl --follow
Sep 23 23:34:48 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.5.4: USB disconnect, device number 27
Sep 23 23:34:48 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.5.4.1: USB disconnect, device number 28
Sep 23 23:34:48 MYMACHINE acpid[565]: input device has been disconnected, fd 15
Sep 23 23:34:48 MYMACHINE acpid[565]: input device has been disconnected, fd 16
Sep 23 23:34:49 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.5.4.2: USB disconnect, device number 29
Sep 23 23:34:49 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.5.4.4: USB disconnect, device number 30
Sep 23 23:34:49 MYMACHINE acpid[565]: input device has been disconnected, fd 17
Sep 23 23:34:49 MYMACHINE acpid[565]: input device has been disconnected, fd 18
Sep 23 23:34:53 MYMACHINE sudo[5048]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
Sep 23 23:35:02 MYMACHINE sudo[5192]: ME : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/ME ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/journalctl --follow
Sep 23 23:35:02 MYMACHINE sudo[5192]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by ME(uid=1000)
__detached and re-attached EXT4__
__detached and re-attached installer__
Sep 23 23:35:49 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 25
Sep 23 23:35:49 MYMACHINE udisksd[604]: Cleaning up mount point /media/ME/Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS amd64 (device 8:17 no longer exists)
Sep 23 23:35:49 MYMACHINE systemd[1]: media-ME-Ubuntu\x2022.04.3\x20LTS\x20amd64.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 31 using ehci-pci
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0930, idProduct=6544, bcdDevice= 1.00
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: Product: DataTraveler 2.0
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: Kingston
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 50E549C6942EC1B1E9025DA5
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE kernel: scsi host6: usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE mtp-probe[5218]: checking bus 1, device 31: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2"
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE mtp-probe[5218]: bus: 1, device: 31 was not an MTP device
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE mtp-probe[5222]: checking bus 1, device 31: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2"
Sep 23 23:35:55 MYMACHINE mtp-probe[5222]: bus: 1, device: 31 was not an MTP device
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 30310400 512-byte logical blocks: (15.5 GB/14.5 GiB)
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 45 00 00 00
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the end of the disk.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: GPT:9839183 != 30310399
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: GPT:9839183 != 30310399
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sdb: sdb1 sdb2 sdb3
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE systemd-udevd[5216]: sdb: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/sdb' failed with exit code 1.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE systemd-udevd[5229]: sdb3: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/sdb3' failed with exit code 1.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE systemd-udevd[5228]: sdb2: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/sdb2' failed with exit code 1.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE systemd-udevd[5216]: sdb1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/sdb1' failed with exit code 1.
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 3
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 3
Sep 23 23:35:56 MYMACHINE kernel: ISO 9660 Extensions: RRIP_1991A
Sep 23 23:35:57 MYMACHINE udisksd[604]: Mounted /dev/sdb1 at /media/ME/Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS amd64 on behalf of uid 1000
__detached and re-attached EXT4__
^C
您可以看到拆卸和连接 USB2 安装程序显示输出，但没有显示 USB3 EXT4 驱动器。
答案1
在测试了 Ubu 20.04、18.04 和 16.04 以及 LinuxMint 21 之后，我开始怀疑我是否对硬件做了什么（这台机器在重建之前使用 16.04 和 USB3 自动挂载）。
我拆下所有东西，打开盒子，取出固态硬盘和内存，仔细查看。这是非常基本的硬件，我没有看到任何可能被推开或断开的东西。然后我把内存和固态硬盘放回原位，关上盒子，重新连接所有东西。
启动时，USB3 驱动器再次自动安装并被上述所有工具识别。我无法解释为什么会有这种特殊的关系，但事实就是如此。幸运的话，这将防止其他人为此烦恼。