为什么 gsl-library 无法在 11.10 中编译/链接,尽管在 11.04 下使用相同的 makefile 和程序可以编译/链接?

为什么 gsl-library 无法在 11.10 中编译/链接,尽管在 11.04 下使用相同的 makefile 和程序可以编译/链接?

我在 Oneiric 中遇到了 gsl 库问题 - 从 Natty 升级到 Oneiric 后,我无法再使用自己的 makefile 构建程序,尽管在 QT Creator 中一切正常,程序编译也没有问题。在两个 makefile 中都设置了 gsl 库的必要标志,在 Natty 上,两种编译程序的方式都运行良好。gsl 库文件都已安装。

编辑:我尝试编译的原始代码是用 c++ 编写的,这就是我在 test.c 文件中使用 g++ 的原因

这是错误信息:

user@user:~$ g++ -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm /home/user/test.c 
/home/user/test.c: In function ‘int main()’:
/home/user/test.c:92:24: warning: format ‘%d’ expects argument of type ‘int’, but 
argument 2 has type ‘size_t {aka long unsigned int}’ [-Wformat]
/tmp/ccOLKTZH.o: In function `my_f(gsl_vector const*, void*)':
test.c:(.text+0x25): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_get'
test.c:(.text+0x3b): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_get'
/tmp/ccOLKTZH.o: In function `my_df(gsl_vector const*, void*, gsl_vector*)':
test.c:(.text+0xf7): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_get'
test.c:(.text+0x10d): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_get'
test.c:(.text+0x14c): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_set'
test.c:(.text+0x18a): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_set'
/tmp/ccOLKTZH.o: In function `main':
test.c:(.text+0x26b): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_alloc'
test.c:(.text+0x288): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_set'
test.c:(.text+0x2a1): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_set'
test.c:(.text+0x2a8): undefined reference to `gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_conjugate_fr'
test.c:(.text+0x2bd): undefined reference to `gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_alloc'
test.c:(.text+0x2e8): undefined reference to `gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_set'
test.c:(.text+0x2f9): undefined reference to `gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_iterate'
test.c:(.text+0x31e): undefined reference to `gsl_multimin_test_gradient'
test.c:(.text+0x357): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_get'
test.c:(.text+0x374): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_get'
test.c:(.text+0x3ca): undefined reference to `gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_free'
test.c:(.text+0x3d6): undefined reference to `gsl_vector_free'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

这是我用于测试目的的文件:

#include <gsl/gsl_multimin.h>

 /* Paraboloid centered on (p[0],p[1]), with  
    scale factors (p[2],p[3]) and minimum p[4] */

 double
 my_f (const gsl_vector *v, void *params)
 {
   double x, y;
   double *p = (double *)params;

   x = gsl_vector_get(v, 0);
   y = gsl_vector_get(v, 1);

   return p[2] * (x - p[0]) * (x - p[0]) +
            p[3] * (y - p[1]) * (y - p[1]) + p[4]; 
 }

 /* The gradient of f, df = (df/dx, df/dy). */
 void 
 my_df (const gsl_vector *v, void *params, 
        gsl_vector *df)
 {
   double x, y;
   double *p = (double *)params;

   x = gsl_vector_get(v, 0);
   y = gsl_vector_get(v, 1);

   gsl_vector_set(df, 0, 2.0 * p[2] * (x - p[0]));
   gsl_vector_set(df, 1, 2.0 * p[3] * (y - p[1]));
 }

 /* Compute both f and df together. */
 void 
 my_fdf (const gsl_vector *x, void *params, 
         double *f, gsl_vector *df) 
 {
   *f = my_f(x, params); 
   my_df(x, params, df);
 }


 int
 main (void)
 {
   size_t iter = 0;
   int status;

   const gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_type *T;
   gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer *s;

   /* Position of the minimum (1,2), scale factors 
      10,20, height 30. */
   double par[5] = { 1.0, 2.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0 };

   gsl_vector *x;
   gsl_multimin_function_fdf my_func;

   my_func.n = 2;
   my_func.f = my_f;
   my_func.df = my_df;
   my_func.fdf = my_fdf;
   my_func.params = par;

   /* Starting point, x = (5,7) */
   x = gsl_vector_alloc (2);
   gsl_vector_set (x, 0, 5.0);
   gsl_vector_set (x, 1, 7.0);

   T = gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_conjugate_fr;
   s = gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_alloc (T, 2);

   gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_set (s, &my_func, x, 0.01, 1e-4);

   do
     {
       iter++;
       status = gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_iterate (s);

       if (status)
         break;

       status = gsl_multimin_test_gradient (s->gradient, 1e-3);

       if (status == GSL_SUCCESS)
         printf ("Minimum found at:\n");

       printf ("%5d %.5f %.5f %10.5f\n", iter,
               gsl_vector_get (s->x, 0), 
               gsl_vector_get (s->x, 1), 
               s->f);

     }
   while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < 100);

   gsl_multimin_fdfminimizer_free (s);
   gsl_vector_free (x);

   return 0;
 }

答案1

升级到 Oneiric 后,我遇到了同样的问题(除了使用 c++ 代码而不是 c 代码)。该问题出现在 g++-4.6 和 4.5 中,但使用 g++-4.4 进行编译时,效果与在 Natty 中一样。因此,我怀疑这是某种编译器错误,但目前看来,恢复到 4.4 是可行的解决方法。

编辑:无需降级 - 根本原因如下:事实证明,任何尝试以错误顺序链接都会发生这种情况,因为 Oneiric 上的 gcc 现在使用 --as-needed 标志。解决方案是更改链接器参数的顺序,请参阅http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1833136.html。此更改的解释如下http://wiki.debian.org/ToolChain/DSOLinking;Fedora 也使用这个。

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