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损坏的 apt-get 和损坏的 grub

tag-icon • tag-icon boot apt package-management grub2
损坏的 apt-get 和损坏的 grub

所以前段时间，我用 Windows 10 和 Linux Mint 18:Sarah 双重启动了我的计算机。当我使用 Windows 重启功能时，Windows 10hiberfil.sys默认创建了一个文件（用于保存系统快照或其他什么？）。由此产生的问题是，它使我的计算机无法识别管理我的系统分区的 grub，并立即启动到 Windows。

我通过使用“启动修复”解决了这个问题，所以现在我可以访问两个系统分区。但后来就坏了apt-get，所以现在我无法安装任何软件sudo apt-get install ___或执行sudo apt-get upgrade

损坏的是我的 grub，或者好吧，系统需要另一个名为 grub2-common 的 grub 版本，但它却安装了 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1 版本的 grub。

现在我将向您展示运行几个命令时的输出：

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 grub-pc : Depends: grub2-common (= 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2) but 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1 is installed
 grub2-common : Depends: grub-common (= 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1) but 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

所以我会尝试推荐的命令：

$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  grub2-common
The following packages will be upgraded:
  grub2-common
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 244 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/511 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] yes
(Reading database ... 288732 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../grub2-common_2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking grub2-common (2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2) over (2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/grub2-common_2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/sbin/grub-install', which is also in package lupin-support 0.57
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/grub2-common_2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

当我尝试安装软件时怎么样？我正在尝试安装防病毒软件。

sudo apt-get install clamav
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 clamav : Depends: clamav-freshclam (>= 0.99.2+dfsg) but it is not going to be installed or
                   clamav-data
          Depends: libclamav7 (>= 0.99~rc1) but it is not going to be installed
 grub-pc : Depends: grub2-common (= 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2) but 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1 is to be installed
 grub2-common : Depends: grub-common (= 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1) but 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

同样，grub 也有同样的问题。

最后，我想再发表一条评论：我无法用来sudo apt-get安装任何东西......其中包括更新 grub 存储库！

也许，你想知道资质的状态是什么？

sudo aptitude install clamav
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  clamav clamav-base{a} clamav-freshclam{a} libclamav7{a} libllvm3.6v5{ab} 
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
  grub-pc{b} python-pyaudio python-simplejson 
0 packages upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 245 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,109 kB of archives. After unpacking 36.8 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 grub2-common : Depends: grub-common (= 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1) but 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 is installed.
 grub-pc : Depends: grub2-common (= 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2) but 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.1 is installed and it is kept back.
 libllvm3.6v5 : Conflicts: libllvm3.6 but 1:3.6-2ubuntu1~trusty1 is installed.
                Conflicts: libllvm3.6:i386 but 1:3.6-2ubuntu1~trusty1 is installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Remove the following packages:
1)     grub-gfxpayload-lists       
2)     grub-pc                     
3)     grub2-common                
4)     libllvm3.6                  
5)     libllvm3.6:i386             



Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  clamav clamav-base{a} clamav-freshclam{a} libclamav7{a} libllvm3.6v5{a} 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  grub-gfxpayload-lists{a} grub-pc{a} grub2-common{a} libllvm3.6{a} libllvm3.6:i386{a} 
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
  python-pyaudio python-simplejson 
0 packages upgraded, 5 newly installed, 5 to remove and 244 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,109 kB of archives. After unpacking 29.9 MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Y
[ ERR] Writing extended state information
E: Failed to execute process to save dpkg selections, dpkg or trying to execute it exited with status/errno: 2
E: failed to save selections to dpkg database

资质似乎更进一步了。但选择两次yes后，仍然无法安装我的软件。

我该如何收拾乱局？

答案1

也出现了这个错误：

E: Failed to execute process to save dpkg selections, dpkg or 
trying to execute it exited with status/errno: 2

好吧，这是necroposting，但我通过以下方式解决了它：

  1. 创建当前 apt 状态的备份（也保留它）。
  2. 将备份副本复制到当前副本。
  3. apt-get 更新
  4. 删除上面创建的备份。

命令列表：

root@host# cd /var/lib/dpkg
root@host# cp status status.backup
root@host# cp status-old status-old.backup
root@host# cp status-old status
root@host# apt-get update
root@host# apt-get upgrade
root@host# rm status.backup
root@host# rm status-old.backup

为什么 apt 数据库被破坏超出了我的知识范围，一些字符似乎被破坏了（即“c”变成了“@”等）。我猜想一些坏的 RAM 模块可能会导致这种情况，但它们都测试正常。

答案2

我也遇到错误：

E: Failed to execute process to save dpkg selections, dpkg or
trying to execute it exited with status/errno: 2

就我而言，问题在于/var/lib/dpkg/available缺少了。修复是针对touch丢失的文件。重建可用文件是可能的，但不是必需的。

答案3

首先，在 Linux Mint 终端中，获取 grub-common 的 .deb；

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/grub2/grub-common_2.02-2ubuntu8_amd64.deb

然后解压文件，

sudo dpkg -i grub-common_2.02-2ubuntu8_amd64.deb

grub-common 需要：gettext-base、libc6、libdevmapper1.02.1、libfreetype6、libfuse2、liblzma5、lsb-base

他们的 .deb 文件。

获取文本库：http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gettext/gettext-base_0.19.8.1-6_amd64.deb

libc6:http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glibc/libc6_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb

libdevmapper1.02.1：http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lvm2/libdevmapper1.02.1_1.02.145-4.1ubuntu3_amd64.deb

libfreetype6:http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/freetype/libfreetype6_2.8.1-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb

libfuse2: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/libfuse2_2.9.7-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

liblzma5:http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/x/xz-utils/liblzma5_5.2.2-1.3_amd64.deb

LSB 基：http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lsb/lsb-base_9.20170808ubuntu1_all.deb

它们都有依赖关系，有些可能是预先安装的，有些可能需要安装。

如果您有任何错误，请告诉我，以便我提供解决方案。

答案4

我不确定这是否是一个虚拟逻辑或其他什么。但是，我尝试了这个，它对我来说很顺利：

sudo apt upgrade grub-common grub2-common

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