我过去曾经debootstrap引导过 Debian 和 Ubuntu 系统。但这次，我尝试从 Debian 6 救援系统引导 Ubuntu 系统（注意：我没有救援系统的选择，所以请不要建议使用 Ubuntu 或类似的系统，我没法使用它）。
/target考虑我想要用来引导系统的以下文件夹结构：
/dev/md0 on /target type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
/dev/md1 on /target/home type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
/dev/md2 on /target/var type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
现在我正在运行以下debootstrap命令：
# LANG=en_US.UTF-8 debootstrap --exclude=dhcp3-common,dhcp3-client,laptop-detect,tasksel,tasksel-data --include=bash-completion,sudo,lshw,tmux,mercurial,etckeeper,unzip,mc,htop,pciutils,usbutils,openssh-server,localepurge,unattended-upgrades --print-debs --variant=minbase --arch=amd64 precise /target
I: Retrieving InRelease
I: Failed to retrieve InRelease
I: Retrieving Release
W: Cannot check Release signature; keyring file not available /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
I: Retrieving Packages
I: Validating Packages
I: Resolving dependencies of required packages...
I: Resolving dependencies of base packages...
I: Found additional base dependencies: apt-utils bzr gnupg gpgv libapt-inst1.4 libapt-pkg4.12 libbsd0 libedit2 libevent-2.0-5 libexpat1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libpci3 libreadline6 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libwrap0 lsb-release mime-support openssh-client python python-apt python-apt-common python-bzrlib python-configobj python2.7 readline-common ubuntu-keyring ucf
adduser base-files base-passwd bash bsdutils busybox-initramfs coreutils cpio dash debconf debianutils diffutils dpkg e2fslibs e2fsprogs findutils gcc-4.6-base grep gzip hostname ifupdown initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initscripts insserv iproute klibc-utils libacl1 libattr1 libblkid1 libbz2-1.0 libc-bin libc6 libcomerr2 libdb5.1 libdbus-1-3 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau1a libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libelf1 libffi6 libgcc1 libglib2.0-0 libklibc liblzma5 libmount1 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnih-dbus1 libnih1 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam0g libpciaccess0 libpcre3 libplymouth2 libpng12-0 libselinux1 libslang2 libss2 libssl1.0.0 libtinfo5 libudev0 libuuid1 locales login lsb-base makedev mawk module-init-tools mount mountall multiarch-support ncurses-base ncurses-bin passwd perl-base plymouth procps python-minimal python2.7-minimal sed sensible-utils sysv-rc sysvinit-utils tar tzdata udev upstart util-linux xz-utils zlib1g apt apt-utils bash-completion bzr etckeeper gnupg gpgv htop libapt-inst1.4 libapt-pkg4.12 libbsd0 libedit2 libevent-2.0-5 libexpat1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libpci3 libreadline6 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libwrap0 localepurge lsb-release lshw mc mercurial mime-support openssh-client openssh-server pciutils python python-apt python-apt-common python-bzrlib python-configobj python2.7 readline-common sudo tmux ubuntu-keyring ucf unattended-upgrades unzip usbutils
I: Deleting target directory
rm: cannot remove `/target/var': Device or resource busy
rm: cannot remove `/target/home': Device or resource busy
我以 运行它root，但最后三行让我困惑。如果我尝试相同的操作但不使用/target/var和/target/home，最后几行将更改为：
I: Deleting target directory
rm: cannot remove `/target': Device or resource busy
我是使用：
# debootstrap --version
debootstrap 1.0.42ubuntu0.1
从这里我通过dpkg -i debootstrap_1.0.42ubuntu0.1_all.deb声称成功的版本安装了它。我也尝试安装变体buildd而不是minbase那个。结果相同。
这是怎么回事？为什么debootstrap尝试删除目标文件夹？
笔记：我也检查了该man页面，但找不到阻止此删除尝试的选项。
另请注意：安装 Ubuntu 存档的密钥环不会改变任何东西。我曾经使用wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/project/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg它。
答案1
糟糕的是，这个问题似乎是 中的一个错误 (?) debootstrap。当我像这样运行命令时：
# LANG=en_US.UTF-8 debootstrap --exclude=dhcp3-common,dhcp3-client,laptop-detect,tasksel,tasksel-data --include=bash-completion,sudo,lshw,tmux,mercurial,etckeeper,unzip,mc,htop,pciutils,usbutils,openssh-server,localepurge,unattended-upgrades --print-debs --variant=minbase --arch=amd64 precise /target
我得到输出（完整输出）：
I: Retrieving InRelease
I: Failed to retrieve InRelease
I: Retrieving Release
I: Retrieving Release.gpg
I: Checking Release signature
gpgv: Signature made Thu Apr 26 00:49:42 2012 CEST using DSA key ID 437D05B5
gpgv: Good signature from "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>"
I: Valid Release signature (key id 630239CC130E1A7FD81A27B140976EAF437D05B5)
I: Retrieving Packages
I: Validating Packages
I: Resolving dependencies of required packages...
I: Resolving dependencies of base packages...
I: Found additional base dependencies: apt-utils bzr gnupg gpgv libapt-inst1.4 libapt-pkg4.12 libbsd0 libedit2 libevent-2.0-5 libexpat1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libpci3 libreadline6 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libwrap0 lsb-release mime-support openssh-client python python-apt python-apt-common python-bzrlib python-configobj python2.7 readline-common ubuntu-keyring ucf
adduser base-files base-passwd bash bsdutils busybox-initramfs coreutils cpio dash debconf debianutils diffutils dpkg e2fslibs e2fsprogs findutils gcc-4.6-base grep gzip hostname ifupdown initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initscripts insserv iproute klibc-utils libacl1 libattr1 libblkid1 libbz2-1.0 libc-bin libc6 libcomerr2 libdb5.1 libdbus-1-3 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau1a libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libelf1 libffi6 libgcc1 libglib2.0-0 libklibc liblzma5 libmount1 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnih-dbus1 libnih1 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam0g libpciaccess0 libpcre3 libplymouth2 libpng12-0 libselinux1 libslang2 libss2 libssl1.0.0 libtinfo5 libudev0 libuuid1 locales login lsb-base makedev mawk module-init-tools mount mountall multiarch-support ncurses-base ncurses-bin passwd perl-base plymouth procps python-minimal python2.7-minimal sed sensible-utils sysv-rc sysvinit-utils tar tzdata udev upstart util-linux xz-utils zlib1g apt apt-utils bash-completion bzr etckeeper gnupg gpgv htop libapt-inst1.4 libapt-pkg4.12 libbsd0 libedit2 libevent-2.0-5 libexpat1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libpci3 libreadline6 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libwrap0 localepurge lsb-release lshw mc mercurial mime-support openssh-client openssh-server pciutils python python-apt python-apt-common python-bzrlib python-configobj python2.7 readline-common sudo tmux ubuntu-keyring ucf unattended-upgrades unzip usbutils
I: Deleting target directory
rm: cannot remove `/target': Device or resource busy
现在我从命令行删除--print-debs，突然我收到一条有用的错误消息：
I: Retrieving InRelease
I: Failed to retrieve InRelease
I: Retrieving Release
I: Retrieving Release.gpg
I: Checking Release signature
I: Valid Release signature (key id 630239CC130E1A7FD81A27B140976EAF437D05B5)
I: Retrieving Packages
I: Validating Packages
I: Resolving dependencies of required packages...
I: Resolving dependencies of base packages...
I: Found additional base dependencies: apt-utils bzr gnupg gpgv libapt-inst1.4 libapt-pkg4.12 libbsd0 libedit2 libevent-2.0-5 libexpat1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libpci3 libreadline6 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libwrap0 lsb-release mime-support openssh-client python python-apt python-apt-common python-bzrlib python-configobj python2.7 readline-common ubuntu-keyring ucf
I: Checking component main on http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu...
E: Couldn't find these debs: mc localepurge htop mercurial
我在第一次调用命令时没有收到错误消息。这看起来像是一个真正的错误。也许除了少数人之外没有人使用该--print-debs参数，所以它从未被发现。从--include参数列表中删除包名称，然后启动正确的（并且从目前看来）成功引导过程。
答案2
添加--keep-debootstrap-dir到命令行（即使使用--print-debs）。以防止目标目录被删除。