我尝试在 Ubuntu 12.04 服务器上安装 MariaDB。首先，它给出了依赖性问题，我按照以下问题修复了它：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16214517/installing-mariadb-unmet-dependencies-mariadb-server-5-5
但是在安装 mariadb-server 时，无法启动 mysqld。以下是 apt 日志：
root@sinha:/etc/apt# sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
libdbd-mysql-perl libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-10.0 mariadb-client-core-10.0 mariadb-common mariadb-server-10.0 mariadb-server-core-10.0 mysql-common
Suggested packages:
tinyca mailx mariadb-test
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libdbd-mysql-perl libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-10.0 mariadb-client-core-10.0 mariadb-common mariadb-server mariadb-server-10.0 mariadb-server-core-10.0
The following packages will be upgraded:
libmysqlclient18 mysql-common
2 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 30.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 105 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mysql-common all 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [8,826 B]
Get:2 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mariadb-common all 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [3,304 B]
Get:3 http://lk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libdbd-mysql-perl amd64 4.020-1build2 [106 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main libmariadbclient18 amd64 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [846 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main libmysqlclient18 amd64 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [2,956 B]
Get:6 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mariadb-client-core-10.0 amd64 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [1,814 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mariadb-client-10.0 amd64 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [5,103 kB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mariadb-server-core-10.0 amd64 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [5,517 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mariadb-server-10.0 amd64 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [17.4 MB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.supportex.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu/ precise/main mariadb-server all 10.0.1-mariadb1~precise [2,992 B]
Fetched 30.8 MB in 1s (17.0 MB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 119368 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace mysql-common 5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../mysql-common_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement mysql-common ...
Selecting previously unselected package mariadb-common.
Unpacking mariadb-common (from .../mariadb-common_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmariadbclient18.
Unpacking libmariadbclient18 (from .../libmariadbclient18_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace libmysqlclient18 5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../libmysqlclient18_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libmysqlclient18 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libdbd-mysql-perl.
Unpacking libdbd-mysql-perl (from .../libdbd-mysql-perl_4.020-1build2_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mariadb-client-core-10.0.
Unpacking mariadb-client-core-10.0 (from .../mariadb-client-core-10.0_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mariadb-client-10.0.
Unpacking mariadb-client-10.0 (from .../mariadb-client-10.0_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mariadb-server-core-10.0.
Unpacking mariadb-server-core-10.0 (from .../mariadb-server-core-10.0_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up mysql-common (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/my.cnf ...
Setting up mariadb-common (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mariadb-server-10.0.
(Reading database ... 119534 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking mariadb-server-10.0 (from .../mariadb-server-10.0_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mariadb-server.
Unpacking mariadb-server (from .../mariadb-server_10.0.1-mariadb1~precise_all.deb) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libmysqlclient18 (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Setting up libdbd-mysql-perl (4.020-1build2) ...
Setting up libmariadbclient18 (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Setting up mariadb-client-core-10.0 (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Setting up mariadb-client-10.0 (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Setting up mariadb-server-core-10.0 (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
Setting up mariadb-server-10.0 (10.0.1-mariadb1~precise) ...
* Stopping MariaDB database server mysqld [ OK ]
130427 13:43:14 [Note] Plugin 'InnoDB' is disabled.
130427 13:43:14 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
* Starting MariaDB database server mysqld [fail]
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing mariadb-server-10.0 (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mariadb-server:
mariadb-server depends on mariadb-server-10.0; however:
Package mariadb-server-10.0 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing mariadb-server (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing:
mariadb-server-10.0
mariadb-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
尝试重新安装 mariadb-server，清除所有内容...删除了 mysql 包，安装了 mariadb-server-5.5... 没有任何作用。
答案1
这对我有用：
sudo apt-get purge mysql* mariadb*
答案2
通过清除 mysql* 和 mariadb* 解决了该问题。然后通过搜索删除所有 mysql 的痕迹：
find / -name mysql*
lib 中有一些残留。删除它们后，重新启动服务器并再次安装 mariadb！成功了。
答案3
我在 Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS 中尝试安装 MariaDB 10 时遇到了同样的问题，其他解决方案都不起作用。根本原因是内存不足（我的 VPS 有 512MB）。
/var/log/syslog在尝试安装 MariaDB 之后，我通过查看发现了这一点，我看到了以下内容：
mysqld_safe[29684]: InnoDB: mmap(274726912 bytes) failed; errno 12
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [Warning] Failed to load slave replication state from table mysql.gtid_slave_pos: 1146: Table 'mysql.gtid_slave_pos' doesn't exist
mysqld_safe[29684]: ERROR: 1146 Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [ERROR] Aborting
mysqld_safe[29684]:
mysqld_safe[29684]: 140420 17:11:03 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
注意：我已从每个日志行的开头删除了日期/时间和我的主机名。
然后我创建了交换文件（256MB就足够了）并运行：
sudo aptitude install -f
安装完成。
我不知道是否可以用相同的方式修复此错误的每个实例，但考虑到 EAPubs 的答案涉及重新启动服务器，我想知道这是否是真正的修复方法：通过重新启动释放内存。
答案4
虽然我当前的发行版是 14.04，但我的修复应该与类似的问题有关。
我遇到了这个依赖/无法配置 mariadb 问题，试图将我的 mysql/克隆到新安装上 - 没有工作。
我的解决方法：
- cd /var/lib
- sudo service mysql stop
- sudo cp -R mysql _mysql
- sudo apt-get purge mysql* mariadb*
- sudo rm -R mysql
- sudo apt-get install mariadb-client mariadb-server
- sudo cp -Ruv _mysql/. mysql/.
- sudo mysql -u root -p ididityay! show databases
- :D
- sudo rm -R _mysql