我尝试在新安装的 Debian 9 上安装 Virtualbox Guest Additions，但在构建模块时出现错误。软件包build-essential, module-assistant, dpkg,linux-headers-4.0.3已安装：
$ sudo apt install build-essential dpkg linux-headers-4.0.3-3
$ sudo apt build-dep -y linux
要安装附加功能，我运行：
$ sudo mount -o remount,exec,ro /media/cdrom0
$ sudo /media/cdrom0/VBoxLinuxAddons.run
并得到错误：
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.1.6 Guest Additions for Linux...........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Removing installed version 5.1.6 of VirtualBox Guest Additions...
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
vboxadd.sh: Building Guest Additions kernel modules.
Failed to set up service vboxadd, please check the log file
/var/log/VBoxGuestAdditions.log for details.
sergiy@debian-pc-1:~$
日志/var/log/VBoxGuestAdditions.log包含：
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vboxadd.service → /lib/systemd/system/vboxadd.service.
vboxadd.sh: failed: Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong.
vboxadd.sh: failed: Please check that you have gcc, make, the header files for your Linux kernel and possibly perl installed..
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vboxadd-service.service → /lib/systemd/system/vboxadd-service.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vboxadd-x11.service → /lib/systemd/system/vboxadd-x11.service.
文件/var/log/vboxadd-install.log包含：
grep: /lib/modules/4.9.0-3-amd64/build/include/linux/version.h: No such file or directory
make KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 CONFIG_MODULE_SIG= -C /lib/modules/4.9.0-3-amd64/build SUBDIRS=/tmp/vbox.0 SRCROOT=/tmp/vbox.0 -j1 modules
make -C /usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 KBUILD_SRC=/usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common \
-f /usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common/Makefile modules
test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || ( \
echo >&2; \
echo >&2 " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \
echo >&2 " include/generated/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.";\
echo >&2 " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \
echo >&2 ; \
/bin/false)
mkdir -p /tmp/vbox.0/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /tmp/vbox.0/.tmp_versions/*
make -f /usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common/scripts/Makefile.build obj=/tmp/vbox.0
gcc-6 -Wp,-MD,/tmp/vbox.0/.VBoxGuest-linux.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/6/include -I/usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common/arch/x86/
------------------------------------------------
In file included from /tmp/vbox.0/r0drv/linux/the-linux-kernel.h:98:0,
from /tmp/vbox.0/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.c:31:
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common/include/linux/mm.h:1298:6: note: declared here
long get_user_pages_remote(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common/scripts/Makefile.build:298: recipe for target '/tmp/vbox.0/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.o' failed
make[4]: *** [/tmp/vbox.0/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.o] Error 1
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common/Makefile:1507: recipe for target '_module_/tmp/vbox.0' failed
make[3]: *** [_module_/tmp/vbox.0] Error 2
Makefile:150: recipe for target 'sub-make' failed
make[2]: *** [sub-make] Error 2
Makefile:8: recipe for target 'all' failed
make[1]: *** [all] Error 2
/tmp/vbox.0/Makefile.include.footer:84: recipe for target 'vboxguest' failed
make: *** [vboxguest] Error 2
Creating user for the Guest Additions.
Creating udev rule for the Guest Additions kernel module.
输出uname -a：
Linux debian-pc-1 4.9.0-3-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.30-2+deb9u1 (2017-06-18) x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ dpkg -l | dpkg -l grep 虚拟机
dpkg -l | grep virtualbox主机 Ubuntu 16.10 上的命令结果：
ii virtualbox 5.1.6-dfsg-2 amd64 x86 virtualization solution - base binaries
rc virtualbox-5.1 5.1.22-115126~Ubuntu~yakkety amd64 Oracle VM VirtualBox
ii virtualbox-dkms 5.1.6-dfsg-2 all x86 virtualization solution - kernel module sources for dkms
ii virtualbox-qt 5.1.6-dfsg-2 amd64 x86 virtualization solution - Qt based user interface
ii virtualbox-source 5.1.6-dfsg-2 all x86 virtualization solution - kernel module source
/etc/apt/sources.listDebian guest 中的文件：
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
带有 Virtualbox 插件 5.1.6 的 ISO 是由 VirtualBox 从官方网站下载的。怎么了？如何修复它？
答案1
属于linux-headers-4.0.3-3Ubuntu。您应该linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64在 debian 9 上安装该软件包：
apt install linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64
安装dkms并准备内核以构建内核模块：
apt install dkms
m-a prepare
跑过VBoxLinuxAddons.run。
答案2
我的设置与OP类似。我什至曾经尝试过@GAD3R 的建议。
最后，我找到的解决方案是安装最新版本的 VirtualBox (5.1.24) 并从http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.1.24/.