我的 ubuntu 13.10 配置为在启动时启动 apache2 和 tomcat7，但是（可能是为了自动系统更新）它们不再在启动时自动启动。
我已经使用以下命令解决了 apache2 自动启动问题：
update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
update-rc.d apache2 add
update-rc.d apache2 enable
但同样的方法对 tomcat7 不起作用！我搜索了日志以查找错误，但一无所获。
有效：
service tomcat7 start
我的 /etc/init.d/tomcat7 标准文件：
#!/bin/sh
#
# /etc/init.d/tomcat7 -- startup script for the Tomcat 6 servlet engine
#
# Written by Miquel van Smoorenburg <[email protected]>.
# Modified for Debian GNU/Linux by Ian Murdock <[email protected]>.
# Modified for Tomcat by Stefan Gybas <[email protected]>.
# Modified for Tomcat6 by Thierry Carrez <[email protected]>.
# Modified for Tomcat7 by Ernesto Hernandez-Novich <[email protected]>.
# Additional improvements by Jason Brittain <[email protected]>.
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: tomcat7
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: $named
# Should-Stop: $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start Tomcat.
# Description: Start the Tomcat servlet engine.
### END INIT INFO
set -e
echo "============================================================================" >> /var/log/tomcat7/catalina.out
echo "$(date) /etc/init.d/tomcat -> starting/stoping/restarting" >> /var/log/tomcat7/catalina.out
echo "============================================================================" >> /var/log/tomcat7/catalina.out
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
NAME=tomcat7
DESC="Tomcat servlet engine"
DEFAULT=/etc/default/$NAME
JVM_TMP=/tmp/tomcat7-$NAME-tmp
if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
echo "You need root privileges to run this script"
exit 1
fi
# Make sure tomcat is started with system locale
if [ -r /etc/default/locale ]; then
. /etc/default/locale
export LANG
fi
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
if [ -r /etc/default/rcS ]; then
. /etc/default/rcS
fi
# The following variables can be overwritten in $DEFAULT
# Run Tomcat 7 as this user ID and group ID
TOMCAT7_USER=tomcat7
TOMCAT7_GROUP=tomcat7
# this is a work-around until there is a suitable runtime replacement
# for dpkg-architecture for arch:all packages
# this function sets the variable OPENJDKS
find_openjdks()
{
for jvmdir in /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-*
do
if [ -d "${jvmdir}" -a "${jvmdir}" != "/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-common" ]
then
OPENJDKS=$jvmdir
fi
done
for jvmdir in /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-*
do
if [ -d "${jvmdir}" -a "${jvmdir}" != "/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-common" ]
then
OPENJDKS="${OPENJDKS} ${jvmdir}"
fi
done
}
OPENJDKS=""
find_openjdks
# The first existing directory is used for JAVA_HOME (if JAVA_HOME is not
# defined in $DEFAULT)
JDK_DIRS="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java ${OPENJDKS} /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle"
# Look for the right JVM to use
for jdir in $JDK_DIRS; do
if [ -r "$jdir/bin/java" -a -z "${JAVA_HOME}" ]; then
JAVA_HOME="$jdir"
fi
done
export JAVA_HOME
# Directory where the Tomcat 6 binary distribution resides
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/$NAME
# Directory for per-instance configuration files and webapps
CATALINA_BASE=/var/lib/$NAME
# Use the Java security manager? (yes/no)
TOMCAT7_SECURITY=no
# Default Java options
# Set java.awt.headless=true if JAVA_OPTS is not set so the
# Xalan XSL transformer can work without X11 display on JDK 1.4+
# It also looks like the default heap size of 64M is not enough for most cases
# so the maximum heap size is set to 128M
if [ -z "$JAVA_OPTS" ]; then
JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.awt.headless=true -Xmx128M"
fi
# End of variables that can be overwritten in $DEFAULT
# overwrite settings from default file
if [ -f "$DEFAULT" ]; then
. "$DEFAULT"
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar" ]; then
log_failure_msg "$NAME is not installed"
exit 1
fi
POLICY_CACHE="$CATALINA_BASE/work/catalina.policy"
if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ]; then
CATALINA_TMPDIR="$JVM_TMP"
fi
# Set the JSP compiler if set in the tomcat7.default file
if [ -n "$JSP_COMPILER" ]; then
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dbuild.compiler=\"$JSP_COMPILER\""
fi
SECURITY=""
if [ "$TOMCAT7_SECURITY" = "yes" ]; then
SECURITY="-security"
fi
# Define other required variables
CATALINA_PID="/var/run/$NAME.pid"
CATALINA_SH="$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh"
# Look for Java Secure Sockets Extension (JSSE) JARs
if [ -z "${JSSE_HOME}" -a -r "${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/jsse.jar" ]; then
JSSE_HOME="${JAVA_HOME}/jre/"
fi
catalina_sh() {
# Escape any double quotes in the value of JAVA_OPTS
JAVA_OPTS="$(echo $JAVA_OPTS | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g')"
AUTHBIND_COMMAND=""
if [ "$AUTHBIND" = "yes" -a "$1" = "start" ]; then
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"
AUTHBIND_COMMAND="/usr/bin/authbind --deep /bin/bash -c "
fi
# Define the command to run Tomcat's catalina.sh as a daemon
# set -a tells sh to export assigned variables to spawned shells.
TOMCAT_SH="set -a; JAVA_HOME=\"$JAVA_HOME\"; source \"$DEFAULT\"; \
CATALINA_HOME=\"$CATALINA_HOME\"; \
CATALINA_BASE=\"$CATALINA_BASE\"; \
JAVA_OPTS=\"$JAVA_OPTS\"; \
CATALINA_PID=\"$CATALINA_PID\"; \
CATALINA_TMPDIR=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"; \
LANG=\"$LANG\"; JSSE_HOME=\"$JSSE_HOME\"; \
cd \"$CATALINA_BASE\"; \
\"$CATALINA_SH\" $@"
if [ "$AUTHBIND" = "yes" -a "$1" = "start" ]; then
TOMCAT_SH="'$TOMCAT_SH'"
fi
# Run the catalina.sh script as a daemon
set +e
touch "$CATALINA_PID" "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
chown $TOMCAT7_USER "$CATALINA_PID" "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
start-stop-daemon --start -b -u "$TOMCAT7_USER" -g "$TOMCAT7_GROUP" \
-c "$TOMCAT7_USER" -d "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" -p "$CATALINA_PID" \
-x /bin/bash -- -c "$AUTHBIND_COMMAND $TOMCAT_SH"
status="$?"
set +a -e
return $status
}
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
log_failure_msg "no JDK or JRE found - please set JAVA_HOME"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE/conf" ]; then
log_failure_msg "invalid CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
exit 1
fi
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
if start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
--user $TOMCAT7_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
>/dev/null; then
# Regenerate POLICY_CACHE file
umask 022
echo "// AUTO-GENERATED FILE from /etc/tomcat7/policy.d/" \
> "$POLICY_CACHE"
echo "" >> "$POLICY_CACHE"
cat $CATALINA_BASE/conf/policy.d/*.policy \
>> "$POLICY_CACHE"
# Remove / recreate JVM_TMP directory
rm -rf "$JVM_TMP"
mkdir -p "$JVM_TMP" || {
log_failure_msg "could not create JVM temporary directory"
exit 1
}
chown $TOMCAT7_USER "$JVM_TMP"
catalina_sh start $SECURITY
sleep 5
if start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
--user $TOMCAT7_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
>/dev/null; then
if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
rm -f "$CATALINA_PID"
fi
log_end_msg 1
else
log_end_msg 0
fi
else
log_progress_msg "(already running)"
log_end_msg 0
fi
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
set +e
if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
start-stop-daemon --stop --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
--user "$TOMCAT7_USER" \
--retry=TERM/20/KILL/5 >/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
log_progress_msg "$DESC is not running but pid file exists, cleaning up"
elif [ $? -eq 3 ]; then
PID="`cat $CATALINA_PID`"
log_failure_msg "Failed to stop $NAME (pid $PID)"
exit 1
fi
rm -f "$CATALINA_PID"
rm -rf "$JVM_TMP"
else
log_progress_msg "(not running)"
fi
log_end_msg 0
set -e
;;
status)
set +e
start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
--user $TOMCAT7_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
>/dev/null 2>&1
if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
log_success_msg "$DESC is not running, but pid file exists."
exit 1
else
log_success_msg "$DESC is not running."
exit 3
fi
else
log_progress_msg "$DESC is not running but pid file exists, cleaning up"
elif [ $? -eq 3 ]; then
PID="`cat $CATALINA_PID`"
log_failure_msg "Failed to stop $NAME (pid $PID)"
exit 1
fi
rm -f "$CATALINA_PID"
rm -rf "$JVM_TMP"
else
log_progress_msg "(not running)"
fi
log_end_msg 0
set -e
;;
status)
set +e
start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
--user $TOMCAT7_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
>/dev/null 2>&1
if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
log_success_msg "$DESC is not running, but pid file exists."
exit 1
else
log_success_msg "$DESC is not running."
exit 3
fi
else
log_success_msg "$DESC is running with pid `cat $CATALINA_PID`"
fi
set -e
;;
restart|force-reload)
if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
$0 stop
sleep 1
fi
$0 start
;;
try-restart)
if start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
--user $TOMCAT7_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
>/dev/null; then
$0 start
fi
;;
*)
log_success_msg "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
任何帮助都将不胜感激，谢谢
答案1
我发现了问题：
另一个 init.d 脚本正在阻止 init.d/tomcat7 的执行几分钟。
就我而言，我可以在控制台中看到此错误在启动时重复出现多次：
2014 Jul 6 11:42:39 vps56629 NOQUEUE: SYSERR(root): opendaemonsocket: daemon MTA-v4: cannot bind: Address already in use
2014 Jul 6 11:42:39 vps56629 daemon MTA-v4: problem creating SMTP socket
2
当控制台出现错误时，init.d/tomcat7 脚本开始执行。
我已经禁用 sendmail，但这不是真正的问题。
阻止脚本是由于服务器查找操作导致 iptables 规则运行太慢，**我刚刚在 /etc/init.d/iptables 中删除了以下行，现在一切正常：**
/sbin/iptables -L
答案2
确保 tomcat 和 apache 均未在线
首先你必须从 /etc/rc5.d 建立一个链接：
cd /etc/rc5.d
sudo ln -s ../init.d/tomcat S71tomcat
sudo ln -s ../init.d/apache S72apache
为 tomcat 创建一个文件，并将其命名为 tomcat，位于以下目录 /etc/init.d/ 中
sudo touch /etc/init.d/tomcat
gksu 'gedit /etc/init.d/tomcat'
过去
---------------------------- /etc/init.d/tomcat ------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#
# tomcat
#
# chkconfig:
# description: Start up the Tomcat servlet engine.
# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions
RETVAL=$?
CATALINA_HOME="/usr/apps/apache/tomcat/jakarta-tomcat-4.0.4"
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh ];
then
echo $"Starting Tomcat"
/bin/su tomcat $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh ];
then
echo $"Stopping Tomcat"
/bin/su tomcat $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
fi
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit $RETVAL
----------------------- end of /etc/init.d/tomcat ----------------------
对于 apache $ sudo touch /etc/init.d/apache $ gksu 'gedit /etc/init.d/apache'
然后过去
---------------------------- /etc/init.d/apache ------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#
# apache
#
# chkconfig:
# description: Start up the Apache web server.
# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions
RETVAL=$?
APACHE_HOME="/usr/apps/apache/apache"
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f $APACHE_HOME/bin/apachectl ]; then
echo $"Starting Apache"
$APACHE_HOME/bin/apachectl start
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -f $APACHE_HOME/bin/apachectl ]; then
echo $"Stopping Apache"
$APACHE_HOME/bin/apachectl stop
fi
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit $RETVAL
----------------------- end of /etc/init.d/apache ----------------------
然后重新启动
$ gksu shutdown -r