每次我这样做：
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
我最终得到了所有这些错误报告：
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease
Get:1 http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg [72 B]
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports InRelease
Get:2 http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release [11,9 kB]
Get:3 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:4 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:5 http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources [14 B]
Get:6 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:7 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release [58,5 kB]
Get:8 http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages [14 B]
Ign http://archive.canonical.com trusty InRelease
Get:9 http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages [14 B]
Get:10 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release [62,0 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.canonical.com trusty Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:12 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports Release [62,0 kB]
Get:13 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources [1064 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.canonical.com trusty Release [9359 B]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Get:15 http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner Sources [7939 B]
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:17 http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner amd64 Packages [4877 B]
Get:18 http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner i386 Packages [5559 B]
Get:19 http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner Translation-en [3919 B]
Get:20 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [62,0 kB]
Get:21 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources [5433 B]
Get:22 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources [6399 kB]
Get:23 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources [53,6 kB]
Get:24 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Sources [14 B]
Get:25 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources [17,4 kB]
Get:26 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse Sources [700 B]
Get:27 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages [166 kB]
Get:28 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Sources [174 kB]
Get:29 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages [1350 kB]
Get:30 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted amd64 Packages [13,0 kB]
Get:31 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages [5859 kB]
Get:32 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages [132 kB]
Get:33 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages [1348 kB]
Get:34 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted i386 Packages [13,4 kB]
Get:35 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe i386 Packages [5866 kB]
Get:36 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted amd64 Packages [14 B]
Get:37 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages [73,0 kB]
Get:38 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [1144 B]
Get:39 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main i386 Packages [158 kB]
Get:40 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted i386 Packages [14 B]
Get:41 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe i386 Packages [73,2 kB]
Get:42 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse i386 Packages [1389 B]
Get:43 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Translation-en [81,7 kB]
Get:44 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse Translation-en [587 B]
Get:45 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Translation-en [14 B]
Get:46 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Translation-en [39,9 kB]
Get:47 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse i386 Packages [134 kB]
Get:48 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en [762 kB]
Get:49 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en [102 kB]
Get:50 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en [3457 B]
Get:51 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en [4089 kB]
Get:52 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources [144 kB]
Get:53 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources [1408 B]
Get:54 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources [92,8 kB]
Get:55 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Sources [3534 B]
Get:56 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages [371 kB]
Get:57 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [5820 B]
Get:58 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages [222 kB]
Get:59 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [9359 B]
Get:60 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main i386 Packages [363 kB]
Get:61 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted i386 Packages [5820 B]
Get:62 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe i386 Packages [222 kB]
Get:63 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [9567 B]
Get:64 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Translation-en [170 kB]
Get:65 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Translation-en [4719 B]
Get:66 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Translation-en [1736 B]
Get:67 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Translation-en [112 kB]
Get:68 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Sources [4060 B]
Get:69 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Sources [14 B]
Get:70 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Sources [17,6 kB]
Get:71 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Sources [1883 B]
Get:72 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages [4915 B]
Get:73 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted amd64 Packages [14 B]
Get:74 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe amd64 Packages [19,8 kB]
Get:75 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages [1231 B]
Get:76 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main i386 Packages [4935 B]
Get:77 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted i386 Packages [14 B]
Get:78 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe i386 Packages [19,9 kB]
Get:79 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse i386 Packages [1235 B]
Get:80 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Translation-en [2890 B]
Get:81 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Translation-en [776 B]
Get:82 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Translation-en [14 B]
Get:83 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Translation-en [17,1 kB]
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en_US
Fetched 30,1 MB in 42s (706 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
liboxideqt-qmlplugin libqt5gui5 linux-generic linux-headers-generic
linux-image-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
account-plugin-aim account-plugin-jabber account-plugin-salut
account-plugin-yahoo accountsservice app-install-data apparmor apport
apport-gtk apt apt-transport-https apt-utils aptdaemon aptdaemon-data
base-files bash bsdutils compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome
compiz-plugins-default cups cups-browsed cups-bsd cups-client cups-common
cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-filters cups-filters-core-drivers
cups-ppdc cups-server-common dbus dbus-x11 dpkg duplicity empathy
empathy-common evince evince-common evolution-data-server
evolution-data-server-common evolution-data-server-online-accounts file
file-roller firefox fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-droid
fonts-opensymbol gcc-4.9-base gdb gettext gettext-base ghostscript
ghostscript-x gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4
gir1.2-ebook-1.2 gir1.2-ebookcontacts-1.2 gir1.2-edataserver-1.2
gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0
gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0
gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0
gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator
gnome-control-center-shared-data gnome-keyring gnome-settings-daemon-schemas
gnome-sudoku gnupg gpgv grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common
gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-tools
gstreamer1.0-x hardening-includes hplip hplip-data hud ifupdown im-config
indicator-printers initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin intel-gpu-tools
iputils-arping iputils-ping iputils-tracepath irqbalance krb5-locales
language-selector-common language-selector-gnome libaccountsservice0
libapparmor-perl libapparmor1 libappindicator3-1 libapt-inst1.5
libapt-pkg4.12 libasprintf-dev libasprintf0c2 libblkid1
libboost-date-time1.54.0 libboost-system1.54.0 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6
libc6-dbg libc6-dev libcamel-1.2-45 libcgmanager0 libcompizconfig0 libcups2
libcupscgi1 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3
libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-1-3 libdbusmenu-glib4 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4
libdbusmenu-gtk4 libdecoration0 libdpkg-perl libebackend-1.2-7
libebook-1.2-14 libebook-contacts-1.2-0 libecal-1.2-16 libedata-book-1.2-20
libedata-cal-1.2-23 libedataserver-1.2-18 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-drivers
libelf1 libevdocument3-4 libevview3-3 libflac8 libfontconfig1 libfontembed1
libfreetype6 libgail-3-0 libgail-common libgail18 libgbm1 libgcc1
libgcrypt11 libgettextpo-dev libgettextpo0 libgexiv2-2 libgirepository-1.0-1
libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libgles2-mesa libglib2.0-0
libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libgnome-bluetooth11 libgnome-control-center1
libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls26 libgpgme11 libgphoto2-6 libgphoto2-l10n
libgphoto2-port10 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssapi-krb5-2
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0
libgstreamer1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtk2.0-0
libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libgudev-1.0-0 libgweather-3-6
libgweather-common libharfbuzz-icu0 libharfbuzz0b libhpmud0 libhud2
libido3-0.1-0 libindicator3-7 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig0 libjson-c2
libjson0 libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 liblightdm-gobject-1-0
liblzo2-2 libmagic1 libminiupnpc8 libmount1 libnautilus-extension1a
libnm-gtk-common libnm-gtk0 libnspr4 libnss3 libnss3-nssdb libnux-4.0-0
libnux-4.0-common libopenvg1-mesa libp11-kit-gnome-keyring
libpam-gnome-keyring libpam-systemd libpango-1.0-0 libpango1.0-0
libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpangoxft-1.0-0 libpoppler-glib8
libpoppler44 libpurple-bin libpurple0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5
libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5
libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5test5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5
libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer libreoffice-ogltrans
libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-presentation-minimizer
libreoffice-style-human librhythmbox-core8 libsane libsane-common
libsane-hpaio libselinux1 libsmbclient libspectre1 libssl1.0.0
libsystemd-daemon0 libsystemd-journal0 libsystemd-login0 libtasn1-6 libtiff5
libudev1 libunity-control-center1 libunity-core-6.0-9 libunity-gtk2-parser0
libunity-gtk3-parser0 libupstart1 libuuid1 libvncserver0
libwayland-egl1-mesa libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common
libwhoopsie0 libxatracker2 libxfont1 libxml2 lightdm linux-firmware
linux-headers-3.13.0-24 linux-headers-3.13.0-24-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-24-generic
linux-libc-dev locales lshw ltrace man-db mcp-account-manager-uoa mount
multiarch-support nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto-empathy net-tools
network-manager-gnome nux-tools openssh-client openssl patch pm-utils
poppler-utils ppp printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-postscript-hp
python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-cupshelpers python-gi
python-gi-cairo python-gobject python-libxml2 python-lxml python-pexpect
python-samba python3-apport python3-aptdaemon python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets
python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat python3-distupgrade python3-gi python3-gi-cairo
python3-lxml python3-problem-report python3-requests
python3-software-properties python3-update-manager
qtdeclarative5-dialogs-plugin qtdeclarative5-localstorage-plugin
qtdeclarative5-privatewidgets-plugin qtdeclarative5-qtquick2-plugin
qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin
qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin-assets
qtdeclarative5-window-plugin resolvconf rhythmbox rhythmbox-data
rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune
rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins rsync rsyslog samba-common
samba-common-bin samba-libs sane-utils shotwell shotwell-common simple-scan
smbclient software-center software-properties-common software-properties-gtk
ssh-askpass-gnome system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome
system-config-printer-udev systemd-services tcpdump telepathy-gabble
transmission-common transmission-gtk tzdata ubuntu-docs
ubuntu-drivers-common ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk udev unity unity-control-center unity-greeter
unity-gtk-module-common unity-gtk2-module unity-gtk3-module unity-services
unity-settings-daemon uno-libs3 update-manager update-manager-core
update-notifier update-notifier-common upstart ure usb-creator-common
usb-creator-gtk util-linux uuid-runtime webapp-container webbrowser-app wget
whoopsie wpasupplicant xdg-utils xserver-common xserver-xorg-core
xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-radeon
xul-ext-ubufox xul-ext-websites-integration
407 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/268 MB of archives.
After this operation, 35,5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Extracting templates from packages: 29%E: Sub-process gzip returned an error code (1)
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/unity-settings-daemon_14.04.0+14.04.20140606-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libglib2.0-bin_2.40.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libglib2.0-0_2.40.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-gi-cairo_3.12.0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-gi_3.12.0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 44%E: Sub-process gzip returned an error code (1)
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libqt5xml5_5.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu14.2_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libspectre1_0.2.7-2ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libunity-gtk2-parser0_0.0.0+14.04.20140403-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libunity-gtk3-parser0_0.0.0+14.04.20140403-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libupstart1_1.12.1-0ubuntu4.2_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libvncserver0_0.9.9+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 66%E: Sub-process gzip returned an error code (1)
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libevview3-3_3.10.3-0ubuntu10.1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/evince-common_3.10.3-0ubuntu10.1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/evolution-data-server-online-accounts_3.10.4-0ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/evolution-data-server_3.10.4-0ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/libcamel-1.2-45_3.10.4-0ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/evolution-data-server-common_3.10.4-0ubuntu1.5_all.deb
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 88%^[[AE: Sub-process gzip returned an error code (1)
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-lxml_3.3.3-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-requests_2.2.1-1ubuntu0.1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/software-properties-common_0.92.37.2_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/software-properties-gtk_0.92.37.2_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-software-properties_0.92.37.2_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/webapp-container_0.23+14.04.20140428-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin_0.23+14.04.20140428-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/webbrowser-app_0.23+14.04.20140428-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin-assets_0.23+14.04.20140428-0ubuntu1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/sane-utils_1.0.23-3ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/shotwell-common_0.18.0-0ubuntu4.3_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/shotwell_0.18.0-0ubuntu4.3_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/xdg-utils_1.1.0~rc1-2ubuntu7.1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/simple-scan_3.12.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets_1.1.1-1ubuntu5.1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/python-aptdaemon_1.1.1-1ubuntu5.1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/software-center_13.10-0ubuntu4.1_all.deb
E: Prior errors apply to /var/cache/apt/archives/ssh-askpass-gnome_1%3a6.6p1-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
debconf: apt-extracttemplates failed: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:
reading files list for package 'language-pack-gnome-en-base': Input/output error
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
我该如何解决这个问题？
答案1
同意 Klaus 的评论，
这可能是文件系统损坏，与 dpkg 或 apt 程序无关，您可以通过在系统上运行以下命令来检查文件系统是否存在任何损坏。
fsck /dev/sdb#
'# 必须替换为您的卷 ID'
您可以通过运行以下命令来获取卷 ID。
fdisk -l |grep "/dev"
希望这会有所帮助。