我使用的是 bash-4.3.30。我需要将所有命令历史记录记录在一个文件中。我可以通过编辑bashrc或来实现这一点bash_profile，但我不会这么做。
我想玩 bash 源文件。我想我应该编辑 input.c。源代码是：
/* input.c -- functions to perform buffered input with synchronization. */
/* Copyright (C) 1992-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "bashtypes.h"
#if !defined (_MINIX) && defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H)
# include <sys/file.h>
#endif
#include "filecntl.h"
#include "posixstat.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include "bashansi.h"
#include "bashintl.h"
#include "command.h"
#include "general.h"
#include "input.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "externs.h"
#include "quit.h"
#include "trap.h"
#if !defined (errno)
extern int errno;
#endif /* !errno */
#if defined (EAGAIN)
# define X_EAGAIN EAGAIN
#else
# define X_EAGAIN -99
#endif
#if defined (EWOULDBLOCK)
# define X_EWOULDBLOCK EWOULDBLOCK
#else
# define X_EWOULDBLOCK -99
#endif
extern void termsig_handler __P((int));
/* Functions to handle reading input on systems that don't restart read(2)
if a signal is received. */
static char localbuf[128];
static int local_index = 0, local_bufused = 0;
/* Posix and USG systems do not guarantee to restart read () if it is
interrupted by a signal. We do the read ourselves, and restart it
if it returns EINTR. */
int
getc_with_restart (stream)
FILE *stream;
{
unsigned char uc;
CHECK_TERMSIG;
/* Try local buffering to reduce the number of read(2) calls. */
if (local_index == local_bufused || local_bufused == 0)
{
while (1)
{
QUIT;
run_pending_traps ();
local_bufused = read (fileno (stream), localbuf, sizeof(localbuf));
if (local_bufused > 0)
break;
else if (local_bufused == 0)
{
local_index = 0;
return EOF;
}
else if (errno == X_EAGAIN || errno == X_EWOULDBLOCK)
{
if (sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fileno (stream)) < 0)
{
sys_error (_("cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"), fileno (stream));
local_index = local_bufused = 0;
return EOF;
}
continue;
}
else if (errno != EINTR)
{
local_index = local_bufused = 0;
return EOF;
}
else if (interrupt_state || terminating_signal) /* QUIT; */
local_index = local_bufused = 0;
}
local_index = 0;
}
uc = localbuf[local_index++];
return uc;
}
int
ungetc_with_restart (c, stream)
int c;
FILE *stream;
{
if (local_index == 0 || c == EOF)
return EOF;
localbuf[--local_index] = c;
return c;
}
#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
/* A facility similar to stdio, but input-only. */
#if defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC)
# define MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 8176
#else
# define MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 8192
#endif
#if !defined (SEEK_CUR)
# define SEEK_CUR 1
#endif /* !SEEK_CUR */
#ifdef max
# undef max
#endif
#define max(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#ifdef min
# undef min
#endif
#define min(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (b) : (a))
extern int interactive_shell;
int bash_input_fd_changed;
/* This provides a way to map from a file descriptor to the buffer
associated with that file descriptor, rather than just the other
way around. This is needed so that buffers are managed properly
in constructs like 3<&4. buffers[x]->b_fd == x -- that is how the
correspondence is maintained. */
static BUFFERED_STREAM **buffers = (BUFFERED_STREAM **)NULL;
static int nbuffers;
#define ALLOCATE_BUFFERS(n) \
do { if ((n) >= nbuffers) allocate_buffers (n); } while (0)
/* Make sure `buffers' has at least N elements. */
static void
allocate_buffers (n)
int n;
{
register int i, orig_nbuffers;
orig_nbuffers = nbuffers;
nbuffers = n + 20;
buffers = (BUFFERED_STREAM **)xrealloc
(buffers, nbuffers * sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM *));
/* Zero out the new buffers. */
for (i = orig_nbuffers; i < nbuffers; i++)
buffers[i] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
}
/* Construct and return a BUFFERED_STREAM corresponding to file descriptor
FD, using BUFFER. */
static BUFFERED_STREAM *
make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, bufsize)
int fd;
char *buffer;
size_t bufsize;
{
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
bp = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM));
ALLOCATE_BUFFERS (fd);
buffers[fd] = bp;
bp->b_fd = fd;
bp->b_buffer = buffer;
bp->b_size = bufsize;
bp->b_used = bp->b_inputp = bp->b_flag = 0;
if (bufsize == 1)
bp->b_flag |= B_UNBUFF;
if (O_TEXT && (fcntl (fd, F_GETFL) & O_TEXT) != 0)
bp->b_flag |= O_TEXT;
return (bp);
}
/* Allocate a new BUFFERED_STREAM, copy BP to it, and return the new copy. */
static BUFFERED_STREAM *
copy_buffered_stream (bp)
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
BUFFERED_STREAM *nbp;
if (!bp)
return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
nbp = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM));
xbcopy ((char *)bp, (char *)nbp, sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM));
return (nbp);
}
int
set_bash_input_fd (fd)
int fd;
{
if (bash_input.type == st_bstream)
bash_input.location.buffered_fd = fd;
else if (interactive_shell == 0)
default_buffered_input = fd;
return 0;
}
int
fd_is_bash_input (fd)
int fd;
{
if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd == fd)
return 1;
else if (interactive_shell == 0 && default_buffered_input == fd)
return 1;
return 0;
}
/* Save the buffered stream corresponding to file descriptor FD (which bash
is using to read input) to a buffered stream associated with NEW_FD. If
NEW_FD is -1, a new file descriptor is allocated with fcntl. The new
file descriptor is returned on success, -1 on error. */
int
save_bash_input (fd, new_fd)
int fd, new_fd;
{
int nfd;
/* Sync the stream so we can re-read from the new file descriptor. We
might be able to avoid this by copying the buffered stream verbatim
to the new file descriptor. */
if (buffers[fd])
sync_buffered_stream (fd);
/* Now take care of duplicating the file descriptor that bash is
using for input, so we can reinitialize it later. */
nfd = (new_fd == -1) ? fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, 10) : new_fd;
if (nfd == -1)
{
if (fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0) == 0)
sys_error (_("cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"), fd);
return -1;
}
if (buffers[nfd])
{
/* What's this? A stray buffer without an associated open file
descriptor? Free up the buffer and report the error. */
internal_error (_("save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"), nfd);
free_buffered_stream (buffers[nfd]);
}
/* Reinitialize bash_input.location. */
if (bash_input.type == st_bstream)
{
bash_input.location.buffered_fd = nfd;
fd_to_buffered_stream (nfd);
close_buffered_fd (fd); /* XXX */
}
else
/* If the current input type is not a buffered stream, but the shell
is not interactive and therefore using a buffered stream to read
input (e.g. with an `eval exec 3>output' inside a script), note
that the input fd has been changed. pop_stream() looks at this
value and adjusts the input fd to the new value of
default_buffered_input accordingly. */
bash_input_fd_changed++;
if (default_buffered_input == fd)
default_buffered_input = nfd;
SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (nfd);
return nfd;
}
/* Check that file descriptor FD is not the one that bash is currently
using to read input from a script. FD is about to be duplicated onto,
which means that the kernel will close it for us. If FD is the bash
input file descriptor, we need to seek backwards in the script (if
possible and necessary -- scripts read from stdin are still unbuffered),
allocate a new file descriptor to use for bash input, and re-initialize
the buffered stream. Make sure the file descriptor used to save bash
input is set close-on-exec. Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. This
works only if fd is > 0 -- if fd == 0 and bash is reading input from
fd 0, sync_buffered_stream is used instead, to cooperate with input
redirection (look at redir.c:add_undo_redirect()). */
int
check_bash_input (fd)
int fd;
{
if (fd_is_bash_input (fd))
{
if (fd > 0)
return ((save_bash_input (fd, -1) == -1) ? -1 : 0);
else if (fd == 0)
return ((sync_buffered_stream (fd) == -1) ? -1 : 0);
}
return 0;
}
/* This is the buffered stream analogue of dup2(fd1, fd2). The
BUFFERED_STREAM corresponding to fd2 is deallocated, if one exists.
BUFFERS[fd1] is copied to BUFFERS[fd2]. This is called by the
redirect code for constructs like 4<&0 and 3</etc/rc.local. */
int
duplicate_buffered_stream (fd1, fd2)
int fd1, fd2;
{
int is_bash_input, m;
if (fd1 == fd2)
return 0;
m = max (fd1, fd2);
ALLOCATE_BUFFERS (m);
/* If FD2 is the file descriptor bash is currently using for shell input,
we need to do some extra work to make sure that the buffered stream
actually exists (it might not if fd1 was not active, and the copy
didn't actually do anything). */
is_bash_input = (bash_input.type == st_bstream) &&
(bash_input.location.buffered_fd == fd2);
if (buffers[fd2])
{
/* If the two objects share the same b_buffer, don't free it. */
if (buffers[fd1] && buffers[fd1]->b_buffer && buffers[fd1]->b_buffer == buffers[fd2]->b_buffer)
buffers[fd2] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
else
free_buffered_stream (buffers[fd2]);
}
buffers[fd2] = copy_buffered_stream (buffers[fd1]);
if (buffers[fd2])
buffers[fd2]->b_fd = fd2;
if (is_bash_input)
{
if (!buffers[fd2])
fd_to_buffered_stream (fd2);
buffers[fd2]->b_flag |= B_WASBASHINPUT;
}
return (fd2);
}
/* Return 1 if a seek on FD will succeed. */
#define fd_is_seekable(fd) (lseek ((fd), 0L, SEEK_CUR) >= 0)
/* Take FD, a file descriptor, and create and return a buffered stream
corresponding to it. If something is wrong and the file descriptor
is invalid, return a NULL stream. */
BUFFERED_STREAM *
fd_to_buffered_stream (fd)
int fd;
{
char *buffer;
size_t size;
struct stat sb;
if (fstat (fd, &sb) < 0)
{
close (fd);
return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
}
size = (fd_is_seekable (fd)) ? min (sb.st_size, MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE) : 1;
if (size == 0)
size = 1;
buffer = (char *)xmalloc (size);
return (make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, size));
}
/* Return a buffered stream corresponding to FILE, a file name. */
BUFFERED_STREAM *
open_buffered_stream (file)
char *file;
{
int fd;
fd = open (file, O_RDONLY);
return ((fd >= 0) ? fd_to_buffered_stream (fd) : (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
}
/* Deallocate a buffered stream and free up its resources. Make sure we
zero out the slot in BUFFERS that points to BP. */
void
free_buffered_stream (bp)
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
int n;
if (!bp)
return;
n = bp->b_fd;
if (bp->b_buffer)
free (bp->b_buffer);
free (bp);
buffers[n] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
}
/* Close the file descriptor associated with BP, a buffered stream, and free
up the stream. Return the status of closing BP's file descriptor. */
int
close_buffered_stream (bp)
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
int fd;
if (!bp)
return (0);
fd = bp->b_fd;
free_buffered_stream (bp);
return (close (fd));
}
/* Deallocate the buffered stream associated with file descriptor FD, and
close FD. Return the status of the close on FD. */
int
close_buffered_fd (fd)
int fd;
{
if (fd < 0)
{
errno = EBADF;
return -1;
}
if (fd >= nbuffers || !buffers || !buffers[fd])
return (close (fd));
return (close_buffered_stream (buffers[fd]));
}
/* Make the BUFFERED_STREAM associated with buffers[FD] be BP, and return
the old BUFFERED_STREAM. */
BUFFERED_STREAM *
set_buffered_stream (fd, bp)
int fd;
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
BUFFERED_STREAM *ret;
ret = buffers[fd];
buffers[fd] = bp;
return ret;
}
/* Read a buffer full of characters from BP, a buffered stream. */
static int
b_fill_buffer (bp)
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
ssize_t nr;
off_t o;
CHECK_TERMSIG;
/* In an environment where text and binary files are treated differently,
compensate for lseek() on text files returning an offset different from
the count of characters read() returns. Text-mode streams have to be
treated as unbuffered. */
if ((bp->b_flag & (B_TEXT | B_UNBUFF)) == B_TEXT)
{
o = lseek (bp->b_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size);
if (nr > 0 && nr < lseek (bp->b_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) - o)
{
lseek (bp->b_fd, o, SEEK_SET);
bp->b_flag |= B_UNBUFF;
bp->b_size = 1;
nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size);
}
}
else
nr = zread (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size);
if (nr <= 0)
{
bp->b_used = 0;
bp->b_buffer[0] = 0;
if (nr == 0)
bp->b_flag |= B_EOF;
else
bp->b_flag |= B_ERROR;
return (EOF);
}
bp->b_used = nr;
bp->b_inputp = 0;
return (bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF);
}
/* Get a character from buffered stream BP. */
#define bufstream_getc(bp) \
(bp->b_inputp == bp->b_used || !bp->b_used) \
? b_fill_buffer (bp) \
: bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF
/* Push C back onto buffered stream BP. */
static int
bufstream_ungetc(c, bp)
int c;
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
if (c == EOF || bp->b_inputp == 0)
return (EOF);
bp->b_buffer[--bp->b_inputp] = c;
return (c);
}
/* Seek backwards on file BFD to synchronize what we've read so far
with the underlying file pointer. */
int
sync_buffered_stream (bfd)
int bfd;
{
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
off_t chars_left;
if (buffers == 0 || (bp = buffers[bfd]) == 0)
return (-1);
chars_left = bp->b_used - bp->b_inputp;
if (chars_left)
lseek (bp->b_fd, -chars_left, SEEK_CUR);
bp->b_used = bp->b_inputp = 0;
return (0);
}
int
buffered_getchar ()
{
CHECK_TERMSIG;
#if !defined (DJGPP)
return (bufstream_getc (buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd]));
#else
/* On DJGPP, ignore \r. */
int ch;
while ((ch = bufstream_getc (buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd])) == '\r')
;
return ch;
#endif
}
int
buffered_ungetchar (c)
int c;
{
return (bufstream_ungetc (c, buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd]));
}
/* Make input come from file descriptor BFD through a buffered stream. */
void
with_input_from_buffered_stream (bfd, name)
int bfd;
char *name;
{
INPUT_STREAM location;
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
location.buffered_fd = bfd;
/* Make sure the buffered stream exists. */
bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (bfd);
init_yy_io (bp == 0 ? return_EOF : buffered_getchar,
buffered_ungetchar, st_bstream, name, location);
}
#if defined (TEST)
void *
xmalloc(s)
int s;
{
return (malloc (s));
}
void *
xrealloc(s, size)
char *s;
int size;
{
if (!s)
return(malloc (size));
else
return(realloc (s, size));
}
void
init_yy_io ()
{
}
process(bp)
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
{
int c;
while ((c = bufstream_getc(bp)) != EOF)
putchar(c);
}
BASH_INPUT bash_input;
struct stat dsb; /* can be used from gdb */
/* imitate /bin/cat */
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
register int i;
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
if (argc == 1) {
bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0);
process(bp);
exit(0);
}
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0') {
bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0);
if (!bp)
continue;
process(bp);
free_buffered_stream (bp);
} else {
bp = open_buffered_stream (argv[i]);
if (!bp)
continue;
process(bp);
close_buffered_stream (bp);
}
}
exit(0);
}
#endif /* TEST */
#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
我添加了一些头文件并更改了主要功能，如下所示：
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <string.h>
/* imitate /bin/cat */
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
register int i;
BUFFERED_STREAM *bp;
/* place logdir in user home */
/* www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/c-opening-a-status-file-in-user's-home-dir-331646/ */
struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(getuid());
const char *homedir = pw->pw_dir;
const char *logfile = "/bashlog";
char *logdir = (char *) malloc(strlen(homedir) + strlen(logfile) + 1);
strcpy(logdir, homedir);
strcat(logdir, "/bashlog");
FILE *bashlog = fopen(logdir, "a");
if (argc == 1) {
bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0);
process(bp);
exit(0);
}
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
/* logging here */
if (bashlog == NULL)
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Couldn’t open %s file for logging!\n", logdir);
else
fprintf(bashlog, "%s ", argv[i]);
if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0') {
bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0);
if (!bp)
continue;
process(bp);
free_buffered_stream (bp);
} else {
bp = open_buffered_stream (argv[i]);
if (!bp)
continue;
process(bp);
close_buffered_stream (bp);
}
}
/* add newline after each cmd */
if (bashlog != NULL)
fprintf(bashlog, "\n");
exit(0);
}
但它不起作用。我还想在每个命令旁边添加时间戳。任何帮助都将不胜感激。
答案1
因为你想了解 bash 内部源代码，所以我们先来获取它：
apt-get source bash && cd bash-4.3
我正在运行 14.04，现在有一个名为 的文件夹bash-4.3。更喜欢该apt-get source解决方案，因为它将应用 Ubuntu 软件包版本提供的所有补丁。
现在修改以下文件：
Index: bash-4.3/bashhist.c
===================================================================
--- bash-4.3.orig/bashhist.c 2015-04-23 14:38:50.069563766 +0200
+++ bash-4.3/bashhist.c 2015-04-23 14:40:11.317951327 +0200
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
sv_histsize ("HISTFILESIZE");
/* Read the history in HISTFILE into the history list. */
- hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE");
+ hf = "/tmp/my_history.txt";
if (hf && *hf && file_exists (hf))
{
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
result = 0;
if (history_lines_this_session)
{
- hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE");
+ hf = "/tmp/my_history.txt";
if (hf && *hf)
{
Index: bash-4.3/variables.c
===================================================================
--- bash-4.3.orig/variables.c 2015-04-23 14:38:54.013582582 +0200
+++ bash-4.3/variables.c 2015-04-23 14:40:15.613971816 +0200
@@ -5054,7 +5054,7 @@
if (history_comment_char == 0)
history_comment_char = '#';
}
- history_write_timestamps = (v != 0);
+ history_write_timestamps = 1;
}
#endif /* HISTORY */
Index: bash-4.3/builtins/history.def
===================================================================
--- bash-4.3.orig/builtins/history.def 2015-04-23 14:48:26.724292711 +0200
+++ bash-4.3/builtins/history.def 2015-04-23 14:48:43.356371251 +0200
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
else
i = 0;
- histtimefmt = get_string_value ("HISTTIMEFORMAT");
+ histtimefmt = "%Y%m%d %T ";
while (hlist[i])
{
这将改变 bash 以使用/tmp/my_history.txt新的历史文件（当然您可以根据自己的需要进行更改）并自动为每个项目添加时间戳。
现在运行一个简单的：
./configure && make
bash首先使用启动您的本地版本./bash（不要忘记./），使用 关闭它exit以返回到您的系统bashshell。
您可以使用以下方法轻松检查历史文件：
$ cat /tmp/my_history.txt
#1429793873
echo Hello World
#1429793877
exit
历史命令的结果如下：
$ ./bash
$ history
1 20150423 14:57:53 echo Hello World
2 20150423 14:57:57 exit
3 20150423 14:58:02 history