我在 Crunchbang++ 上使用 AMD R9 270，这是一个基于 Debian Jessie 的发行版。要安装 AMD 驱动程序，我需要更新的内核。因此，正如人们所认为的那样，我在sources.list 中将“jessie”更改为“stretch”。虽然我目前正在使用集成显卡运行。现在，当我想将内核升级到新版本时，它说需要删除 Xorg。这是输出：
root@cbpp-maarten:/home/maarten/fglrx-15.302# apt-get install linux-headers-4.7.0-1-amd64 linux-image-4.7.0-1-amd64
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libboost-system1.55.0 libboost-thread1.55.0 libcamel-1.2-49 libdrm-amdgpu1
libebackend-1.2-7 libecal-1.2-16 libedataserver-1.2-18 libgdata-common
libgdata22 libgnutls30 libhogweed4 libical1a libimobiledevice6 libinput-bin
libinput10 libip4tc0 libjansson4 libnettle6 libnm0 libnma-common libnma0
liboauth0 libplist3 libprotobuf9 libreadline7 libseccomp2 libusbmuxd4
libuuid-perl libwacom-common libwacom2 libwebrtc-audio-processing-0
mate-power-manager-common
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
bash-completion binutils console-setup console-setup-linux cpp-5 dbus
evolution-data-server-common firmware-linux-free gcc-5 gcc-5-base gcc-6-base
init init-system-helpers irqbalance kbd keyboard-configuration klibc-utils
libabiword-3.0 libapparmor1 libasan2 libatomic1 libboost-atomic1.61.0
libboost-chrono1.61.0 libboost-date-time1.61.0 libboost-filesystem1.61.0
libboost-system1.61.0 libboost-thread1.61.0 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc-l10n
libc6 libc6-dev libcamel-1.2-59 libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdbus-1-3
libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm2 libebackend-1.2-10 libebook-1.2-16
libebook-contacts-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-19 libedata-book-1.2-25
libedataserver-1.2-22 libfdisk1 libfuse2 libgcc-5-dev libgcc1 libgcrypt20
libgdata-common libgdata22 libglib2.0-0 libgnutls30 libgomp1 libgphoto2-6
libgphoto2-port12 libgssapi-krb5-2 libhogweed4 libical2 libicu57
libimobiledevice6 libinput-bin libinput10 libip4tc0 libisl15 libitm1
libjansson4 libjson-c3 libk5crypto3 libklibc libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0
liblsan0 libltdl7 libmount1 libmpfr4 libmpx0 libmtp9 libncurses5
libncursesw5 libnettle6 libnm0 libnma-common libnma0 libnuma1 liboauth0
liborc-0.4-0 libp11-kit0 libphonenumber7 libplist3 libpng16-16 libprotobuf10
libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpulsedsp libquadmath0 libreadline7
libseccomp2 libsepol1 libsmartcols1 libsoxr0 libssl1.0.2 libstdc++6
libtasn1-6 libtinfo5 libtsan0 libubsan0 libusbmuxd4 libwacom-common
libwacom2 libwebrtc-audio-processing1 libxkbcommon0 linux-base
linux-compiler-gcc-5-x86 linux-headers-4.7.0-1-common linux-kbuild-4.7
linux-libc-dev locales makedev mate-power-manager-common mount
p11-kit-modules pulseaudio pulseaudio-utils screen sysvinit-utils util-linux
xserver-common
Suggested packages:
binutils-doc gcc-5-locales gcc-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg
libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg
libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc
rng-tools gnutls-bin gphoto2 krb5-doc krb5-user libusbmuxd-tools
linux-doc-4.7 debian-kernel-handbook nfs-common pavumeter paman paprefs
byobu screenie iselect ncurses-term dosfstools
Recommended packages:
manpages-dev libglib2.0-data xdg-user-dirs libgphoto2-l10n usbmuxd
krb5-locales libmtp-runtime libwacom-bin rtkit
The following packages will be REMOVED:
cbpp-exit fuse fusesmb gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-daemons gvfs-fuse
libboost-date-time1.55.0 libebook-1.2-14 libebook-contacts-1.2-0
libedata-book-1.2-20 libpam-systemd libphonenumber6 mate-power-manager
network-manager network-manager-gnome policykit-1 policykit-1-gnome sshfs
udisks udisks2 upower xorg xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core
xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-mouse
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-cirrus
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-modesetting
xserver-xorg-video-neomagic xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-savage
xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sisusb
xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-trident xserver-xorg-video-vesa
xserver-xorg-video-vmware
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cpp-5 firmware-linux-free gcc-5 gcc-5-base gcc-6-base irqbalance
libapparmor1 libasan2 libboost-atomic1.61.0 libboost-chrono1.61.0
libboost-date-time1.61.0 libboost-filesystem1.61.0 libboost-system1.61.0
libboost-thread1.61.0 libc-l10n libcamel-1.2-59 libcc1-0 libdrm-amdgpu1
libebackend-1.2-10 libebook-1.2-16 libebook-contacts-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-19
libedata-book-1.2-25 libedataserver-1.2-22 libfdisk1 libgcc-5-dev
libgdata-common libgdata22 libgnutls30 libgphoto2-port12 libhogweed4
libical2 libicu57 libimobiledevice6 libinput-bin libinput10 libip4tc0
libisl15 libjansson4 libjson-c3 libmpx0 libnettle6 libnm0 libnma-common
libnma0 libnuma1 liboauth0 libphonenumber7 libplist3 libpng16-16
libprotobuf10 libreadline7 libseccomp2 libsoxr0 libssl1.0.2 libusbmuxd4
libwacom-common libwacom2 libwebrtc-audio-processing1
linux-compiler-gcc-5-x86 linux-headers-4.7.0-1-amd64
linux-headers-4.7.0-1-common linux-image-4.7.0-1-amd64 linux-kbuild-4.7
makedev
The following packages will be upgraded:
bash-completion binutils console-setup console-setup-linux dbus
evolution-data-server-common init init-system-helpers kbd
keyboard-configuration klibc-utils libabiword-3.0 libatomic1 libc-bin
libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libdbus-1-3 libdrm2 libfuse2
libgcc1 libgcrypt20 libglib2.0-0 libgomp1 libgphoto2-6 libgssapi-krb5-2
libitm1 libk5crypto3 libklibc libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 liblsan0 libltdl7
libmount1 libmpfr4 libmtp9 libncurses5 libncursesw5 liborc-0.4-0 libp11-kit0
libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpulsedsp libquadmath0 libsepol1
libsmartcols1 libstdc++6 libtasn1-6 libtinfo5 libtsan0 libubsan0
libxkbcommon0 linux-base linux-libc-dev locales mate-power-manager-common
mount p11-kit-modules pulseaudio pulseaudio-utils screen sysvinit-utils
util-linux xserver-common
65 upgraded, 65 newly installed, 50 to remove and 800 not upgraded.
Need to get 118 MB of archives.
After this operation, 292 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
我不知道为什么它要删除 Xorg。有谁知道为什么这样做？
答案1
看来您将源代码切换到了stretch，但在尝试升级内核之前没有升级操作系统的其余部分。
在这种情况下，linux-image-4.7.0-1-amd64 软件包依赖于 xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
# apt-cache depends linux-image-4.7.0-1-amd64
...
Breaks: xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
...
依赖解析器已被告知要安装内核，必须完全删除此软件包。然而，目前还有其他软件包依赖于它。
# apt-cache rdepends xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
Reverse Depends:
xserver-xorg-core
xserver-xorg-input-all
xserver-xorg-core
open-vm-tools-desktop
linux-image-4.7.0-1-amd64
linux-image-4.7.0-1-amd64-unsigned
如果您执行此操作，apt-get dist-upgrade您会发现此软件包已被删除，因为它已过时。Debian Bug 报告日志 - #831420
root@a6ce0d85df50:/# apt-get dist-upgrade
...
The following packages will be REMOVED:
xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-video-modesetting xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion
将 xserver-xorg-* 软件包升级到不再依赖 vmmouse 的版本后，您的新内核应该可以正常安装，而无需删除 xorg。
答案2
因此，正如人们所认为的那样，我在 resources.list 中将“jessie”更改为“stretch”
不，请不要仅仅为了升级内核而更改版本，它的影响比我想象的要广泛得多。
要升级内核，最简单、最安全的方法是使用杰西向后移植。
首先，您需要恢复到 Jessie in sources.list，并将 Jessie 反向移植添加到您的存储库（如果尚不存在）：
echo deb http://http.debian.net/debian jessie-backports main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie-backports.list
（作为根），然后
apt-get update
apt-get -t jessie-backports install linux-image-amd64
将安装当前默认的向后移植内核（截至撰写本文时为 4.7）。
启用向后移植是安全的：较新的软件包不会自动从向后移植中选取，您需要使用-t jessie-backports上面的方法显式选择它们（但是一旦完成此操作，升级后的软件包的更新将由 选取apt-get upgrade）。