我管理一台生产服务器，该服务器具有一个 RAID 1 阵列，该阵列包含两个相同的硬盘。提前致歉，我已经阅读了许多关于此的帖子，但由于服务器的关键性质，如果有人能给我准确的分步说明，这将挽救我的工作。如上所述，服务器是 12.04.2 LTS。其中一个驱动器发生故障并自动从阵列中删除。托管公司更换了故障驱动器，但没有重建 RAID 阵列。以下是我认为来自服务器的相关信息：
**df -h**
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md2 909G 775G 88G 90% /
udev 3.8G 4.0K 3.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 352K 1.6G 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /run/shm
/dev/md0 458M 25M 409M 6% /boot
**cat /etc/fstab**
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
# / was on /dev/md2 during installation
UUID=2d22fd63-9d2e-494c-92d9-89f411fb1b5d / ext4 errors=remount-ro,usrquota 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/md0 during installation
UUID=b99dbfa5-fad2-4ba0-b741-70bd8ddff90e /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/md1 during installation
UUID=2d72a698-9c6c-4d81-9ed9-3d7ebe544e45 none swap sw 0 0
**cat /proc/mdstat**
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid1 sda2[0]
499712 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sda3[0]
7995840 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md2 : active raid1 sda4[0]
968130304 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
**mdadm -D /dev/md0**
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed Jun 19 12:04:15 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 499712 (488.08 MiB 511.71 MB)
Used Dev Size : 499712 (488.08 MiB 511.71 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 1
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Apr 30 06:29:27 2015
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : paris086:0 (local to host paris086)
UUID : ceba0bd5:ffa466c8:7e950165:71dc000d
Events : 118
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2
1 0 0 1 removed
**mdadm -D /dev/md1**
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed Jun 19 12:04:15 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 7995840 (7.63 GiB 8.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7995840 (7.63 GiB 8.19 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 1
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Apr 30 13:04:46 2015
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : paris086:1 (local to host paris086)
UUID : dd350924:63d6b46f:4cb885f3:11f2b430
Events : 791
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3
1 0 0 1 removed
**mdadm -D /dev/md2**
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed Jun 19 12:04:15 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 968130304 (923.28 GiB 991.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 968130304 (923.28 GiB 991.37 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 1
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Apr 30 13:35:25 2015
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : paris086:2 (local to host paris086)
UUID : 2b8bd77e:7fc2806b:56ae349f:01473330
Events : 539748
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 4 0 active sync /dev/sda4
1 0 0 1 removed
mdadm 通过电子邮件发送给我的第一个故障警报内容如下：
A Fail event had been detected on md device /dev/md/2.
It could be related to component device /dev/sdb4.
P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following:
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]
499712 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md1 : active raid1 sdb3[1](F) sda3[0]
7995840 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md2 : active raid1 sdb4[1](F) sda4[0]
968130304 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
第二封失败事件电子邮件内容如下：
A Fail event had been detected on md device /dev/md/1.
It could be related to component device /dev/sdb3.
Faithfully yours, etc.
P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following:
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]
499712 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md1 : active raid1 sdb3[1](F) sda3[0]
7995840 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md2 : active raid1 sdb4[1](F) sda4[0]
968130304 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
第三封失败事件电子邮件内容如下：
A Fail event had been detected on md device /dev/md/0.
It could be related to component device /dev/sdb2.
Faithfully yours, etc.
P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following:
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1](F) sda2[0]
499712 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sdb3[1](F) sda3[0]
7995840 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md2 : active raid1 sdb4[1](F) sda4[0]
968130304 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
从那时起，它每天都会向我发送“在 md 设备上检测到 DegradedArray 事件”警报，每个警报的状态均为 [U_]。
感谢您参与这一切，任何帮助我都会非常感激。
更多信息，来自 fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPT
Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md2: 991.4 GB, 991365431296 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 242032576 cylinders, total 1936260608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md1: 8187 MB, 8187740160 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 1998960 cylinders, total 15991680 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md0: 511 MB, 511705088 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 124928 cylinders, total 999424 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
然后从 parted -l
Model: ATA ST31000528AS (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1018kB 1000kB bios_grub
2 1018kB 513MB 512MB raid
3 513MB 8705MB 8192MB raid
4 8705MB 1000GB 991GB raid
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md2: 991GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 991GB 991GB ext4
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md1: 8188MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 8188MB 8188MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md0: 512MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 512MB 512MB ext2
答案1
我会用
sudo sgdisk /dev/sda -R /dev/sdb
将分区表从 /dev/sda 克隆到 /dev/sdb。
然后，
sudo sgdisk /dev/sdb -G
重新随机化新磁盘上的 UUID，并避免重复的 UUID。
最后，将新的分区添加到您的 RAID 设备（我认为 --remove 步骤是必要的，因为分区被列为当前设备的故障部分）：
sudo mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sdb2
sudo mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdb2
对其他设备重复上述操作：
sudo mdadm --remove /dev/md1 /dev/sdb3
sudo mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/sdb3
sudo mdadm --remove /dev/md2 /dev/sdb4
sudo mdadm --add /dev/md2 /dev/sdb4