TypeError：‘NoneType’对象不可迭代

Question

我正在尝试安装一个用于分析脊髓 MRI 图像的工具箱。安装依赖项是：python 2.7、FSL 和 git。我已经安装了它们。我启动安装程序：

./installer.py

但出现错误，这是我输入密码后发生的情况：

>>Edit .bashrc...
  Deleting previous SCT entries in .bashrc
>> awk '!/SCT_DIR|SPINALCORDTOOLBOX|ITK_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_NUMBER_OF_THREADS/' ~/.bashrc > .bashrc_temp && > ~/.bashrc && cat .bashrc_temp >> ~/.bashrc && rm .bashrc_temp
awk '!/SCT_DIR|SPINALCORDTOOLBOX|ITK_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_NUMBER_OF_THREADS/' ~/.bashrc > .bashrc_temp && > ~/.bashrc && cat .bashrc_temp >> ~/.bashrc && rm .bashrc_temp
  Deleting previous SCT entries in .bash_profile
>> awk '!/SCT_DIR|SPINALCORDTOOLBOX|ITK_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_NUMBER_OF_THREADS/' ~/.bash_profile > .bash_profile_temp && > ~/.bash_profile && cat .bash_profile_temp >> ~/.bash_profile && rm .bash_profile_temp
awk '!/SCT_DIR|SPINALCORDTOOLBOX|ITK_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_NUMBER_OF_THREADS/' ~/.bash_profile > .bash_profile_temp && > ~/.bash_profile && cat .bash_profile_temp >> ~/.bash_profile && rm .bash_profile_temp

.bashrc 似乎在 .bash_profile 中被调用

>> . ~/.bashrc
. ~/.bashrc
/bin/sh: 13: /home/shokufeh/.bashrc: shopt: not found
/bin/sh: 21: /home/shokufeh/.bashrc: shopt: not found
/bin/sh: 105: /home/shokufeh/.bashrc: shopt: not found
/bin/sh: 28: /etc/bash_completion: [[: not found
/bin/sh: 34: /etc/bash_completion: [[: not found
/bin/sh: 51: /etc/bash_completion: Bad substitution
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./installer.py", line 883, in <module>
    Installer()
  File "./installer.py", line 741, in __init__
    status, output = runProcess(cmd) # runProcess does not seems to work on Travis when sourcing .bashrc
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable

我的.bashrc 的内容：

~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
    # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
    # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
    # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
    color_prompt=yes
    else
    color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
fi

# . /usr/share/fsl/5.0/etc/fslconf/fsl.sh
. /etc/fsl/5.0/fsl.sh

# added by Miniconda 3.10.1 installer
export PATH="/home/shokufeh/miniconda/bin:$PATH"






# SPINALCORDTOOLBOX (added on 2015-05-06)
SCT_DIR="/usr/local/spinalcordtoolbox"
export PATH=${PATH}:$SCT_DIR/bin
export PYTHONPATH=${PYTHONPATH}:$SCT_DIR/scripts
export SCT_DIR PATH
export ITK_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_NUMBER_OF_THREADS=4shokufeh@shokufeh-

我不知道如何修复它。

Answer 1

问题似乎是 Python 安装程序尝试通过生成 shell 并获取文件来验证其对.bashrc/.bash_profile文件的更改。为此，它使用 Python subprocess.Popenwith shell=True，默认使用/bin/sh。在 Ubuntu 系统上，/bin/sh是dashshell 而不是bashshell（请参阅破折号)，它不支持.bashrc文件中的大部分语法。

我想到了一些解决办法：

1. installer.py在文本编辑器中打开文件，并通过更改来告诉runProcess函数使用bash

   
   def runProcess(cmd, verbose=1):
       if verbose:
           print cmd
       process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
   

   到

   
   def runProcess(cmd, verbose=1):
       if verbose:
           print cmd
       process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, executable='/bin/bash', stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
   

2. 在运行安装程序之前临时符号链接sh到bash

   sudo ln -sf bash /bin/sh
   

   完成后你可以恢复它

   sudo ln -sf dash /bin/sh