我无法在我的计算机上安装或更新任何软件。
利用我惊人的推理能力，我推断出 /boot 已满并且导致了我心痛。
notlinus@NS0：/boot$df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 2.0G 4.0K 2.0G 1% /dev
tmpfs 396M 656K 395M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/NS0--vg-root 36G 3.6G 30G 11% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /run/shm
none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
/dev/sda1 236M 234M 0 100% /boot
notlinus@NS0：/boot$ls -l
total 229780
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1270654 Aug 12 2015 abi-3.19.0-26-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1271100 Sep 1 2015 abi-3.19.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1271518 Oct 3 00:54 abi-3.19.0-30-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1271689 Oct 8 13:01 abi-3.19.0-31-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1271689 Oct 22 13:14 abi-3.19.0-32-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1271689 Nov 6 20:39 abi-3.19.0-33-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1271691 Nov 23 16:57 abi-3.19.0-37-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177632 Aug 12 2015 config-3.19.0-26-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177651 Sep 1 2015 config-3.19.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177730 Oct 3 00:54 config-3.19.0-30-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177790 Oct 8 13:01 config-3.19.0-31-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177790 Oct 22 13:14 config-3.19.0-32-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177790 Nov 6 20:39 config-3.19.0-33-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177790 Nov 23 16:57 config-3.19.0-37-generic
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1024 Feb 17 13:47 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20754747 Aug 27 2015 initrd.img-3.19.0-26-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20753554 Sep 9 06:29 initrd.img-3.19.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20756217 Oct 6 07:03 initrd.img-3.19.0-30-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20758684 Oct 22 13:04 initrd.img-3.19.0-31-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20757000 Nov 5 06:55 initrd.img-3.19.0-32-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20758873 Nov 10 07:17 initrd.img-3.19.0-33-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20757964 Dec 2 06:54 initrd.img-3.19.0-37-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3463561 Feb 17 13:46 initrd.img-3.19.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3463563 Feb 17 13:47 initrd.img-3.19.0-42-generic
drwx------ 2 root root 12288 Aug 27 2015 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176500 Mar 12 2014 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178176 Mar 12 2014 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178680 Mar 12 2014 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 3626965 Aug 12 2015 System.map-3.19.0-26-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3626779 Sep 1 2015 System.map-3.19.0-28-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3627906 Oct 3 00:54 System.map-3.19.0-30-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3628177 Oct 8 13:01 System.map-3.19.0-31-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3628149 Oct 22 13:14 System.map-3.19.0-32-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3628149 Nov 6 20:39 System.map-3.19.0-33-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3628776 Nov 23 16:57 System.map-3.19.0-37-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6570192 Aug 12 2015 vmlinuz-3.19.0-26-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6568848 Sep 1 2015 vmlinuz-3.19.0-28-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6572496 Oct 3 00:54 vmlinuz-3.19.0-30-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6572336 Oct 8 13:01 vmlinuz-3.19.0-31-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6572944 Oct 22 13:14 vmlinuz-3.19.0-32-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6572432 Nov 6 20:39 vmlinuz-3.19.0-33-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6571920 Nov 23 16:57 vmlinuz-3.19.0-37-generic
notlinus@NS0：/boot$uname -r
3.19.0-37-generic
notlinus@NS0:~$sudo apt-get clean
notlinus@NS0：/boot$sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install’ to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-49-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-generic-lts-vivid : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic but it is not installed
Recommends: thermald but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
notlinus@NS0：/boot$sudo dpkg --list 'linux-image*'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-===================================-======================-======================-===========================================================================
un linux-image <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-image-3.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
rc linux-image-3.19.0-25-generic 3.19.0-25.26~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-26-generic 3.19.0-26.28~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-28-generic 3.19.0-28.30~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-30-generic 3.19.0-30.34~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-31-generic 3.19.0-31.36~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-32-generic 3.19.0-32.37~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-33-generic 3.19.0-33.38~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.19.0-37-generic 3.19.0-37.42~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
in linux-image-3.19.0-39-generic <none> amd64 (no description available)
in linux-image-3.19.0-42-generic <none> amd64 (no description available)
in linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic <none> amd64 (no description available)
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-25-generic 3.19.0-25.26~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.19.0-26-generic 3.19.0-26.28~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.19.0-28-generic 3.19.0-28.30~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.19.0-30-generic 3.19.0-30.34~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 3.19.0-31.36~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.19.0-32-generic 3.19.0-32.37~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.19.0-33-generic 3.19.0-33.38~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
iF linux-image-extra-3.19.0-37-generic 3.19.0-37.42~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
iU linux-image-extra-3.19.0-49-generic 3.19.0-49.55~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
iU linux-image-generic-lts-vivid 3.19.0.49.34 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
notlinus@NS0：/boot$sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.19.0-26-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-26-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-26-generic but it is not going to be installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-49-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic but it is not going to be installed
linux-image-generic-lts-vivid : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: thermald but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
我确信这一定是一个重复的问题，但在搜索类似问题的解决方案后并没有缓解我的困境。
最后，我是一名 RHEL 管理员，所以请原谅我的无知——我们的 BIND 服务器必须安装在 Ubuntu 上，这是我们姊妹公司提供一些免费托管空间的条件。我做错了什么导致了这个问题，我该如何避免将来再次发生这种情况？
当我在此网站上尝试类似的解决方案时，例如如何在 /boot 中释放更多空间？我得到：
notlinus@NS0:/boot$ sudo dpkg -fl linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge
You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install’ to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-26-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-26-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-28-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-28-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-30-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-30-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-31-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-32-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-32-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-33-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-33-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-49-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-generic-lts-vivid : Depends: linux-image-3.19.0-49-generic but it is not installed
Recommends: thermald but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
答案1
谢谢@mikewhatever，
sudo dpkg --force-all -P pkgname答案是
所以：sudo dpkg --force-all -P linux-image-extra-3.19.0-26-generic
为我做了
答案2
问题是由于 /boot 分区上的空间不足。
通过以下方式轻松创建一些自由空间sudo truncate -s 0 /boot/initrd.img-oldest-version
注意：不要截断最高的 2 个 initrd 版本！
此后sudo apt autoremove -f将会成功，但它将需要很长时间才能完成，因为它将为所有映像重建 initrd 并重新安装 grub两次每次删除一个旧内核映像时，它都会重建 initrds 近 400 次！
您可以通过禁用 initrd 生成工具来解决这个荒谬的重建问题：
sudo mv /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools.real
sudo ln -s /bin/true /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools
然后发出sudo apt autoremove -f，当你完成时...
sudo rm /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools
sudo mv /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools.real /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools
sudo /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools $( uname -r )
注意：如果正在运行的内核不再位于 /boot 中，那么您可能需要手动提供内核版本来代替uname -r
完成后，请考虑手动安装特定内核（例如当前内核），然后启用apt-autoremove。这将确保您始终拥有要启动的选定映像以及最新版本。
答案3
如果您的问题是由于空间不足，那么您可能有办法解决。如果仔细观察，您会发现：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 236M 234M 0 100% /boot
您将看到分区的大小为 236M，而已使用的空间为 234M。系统已保留 2 MB 以备紧急情况。通过发出以下命令释放它以供您使用：
sudo tune2fs -m 0 /dev/sda1
您将有 2M 的可用空间，这可能会帮助您摆脱困境。
另一种解决方法是完全放弃该分区作为启动分区，并更改 fstab（删除 /boot）并在根分区上创建 /boot。
将所有内容从（现在的）旧启动复制到新启动，然后完成命令。