我的外部硬盘损坏了，不确定是哪一个，我正在尝试修复它，或者至少从中获取一些数据。（硬盘的系统损坏已经发生过一次，但只需登录到Linux并插入设备就可以轻松解决，我现在希望出现类似的情况，虽然硬盘很旧，这意味着可能是硬件故障，但尝试一下不会有坏处）几周前，硬盘插入Windows时总是显示“格式化磁盘......”，但至少它显示了一些东西 - 现在它没有出现在Windows上，我在Linux上也找不到它。
我试过运行fdisk -l命令：
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram3: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram4: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram5: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram6: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram7: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram8: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram9: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram10: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram11: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram12: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram13: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram14: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram15: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0ae012d9
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 158662655 158660608 75.7G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 * 158662656 234441647 75778992 36.1G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000649fc
然后我尝试运行dmesg | tail -n 20：
[ 280.642286] usb 1-1.4: Manufacturer: JMicron
[ 280.642287] usb 1-1.4: SerialNumber: 00000011E09310C00197
[ 280.651343] usb-storage 1-1.4:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 280.651425] scsi host6: usb-storage 1-1.4:1.0
[ 280.651459] scsi host6: runtime PM trying to activate child device host6 but parent (1-1.4:1.0) is not active
[ 280.651510] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 280.652991] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 281.688894] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Samsung G2 Portable PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 CCS
[ 281.689380] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 281.689933] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)
[ 281.691012] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 281.691014] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 3c 00 00 00
[ 281.692120] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 281.716894] sdc: sdc1
[ 281.720114] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[ 347.581801] usb 1-1.4: reset high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[ 417.000613] usb 1-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 4
[ 417.250145] usb 1-1.4: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci
[ 417.746108] usb 1-1.4: device not accepting address 5, error -71
[ 492.889935] sdb: sdb1 sdb2
它没有出现在 上，fdisk并且无法识别 之后的 usb dmesg。我不太懂 Linux，也不太了解这些命令打印出的信息，因此我正在寻找建议，看看下一步该如何尝试让硬盘起死回生。（最初的计划只是在硬盘上运行“testdisk”，但它在 testdisk 设备列表中也无法识别。