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替换符号到换行符 (\n) 并从行首添加前三列

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line bash text-processing
替换符号到换行符 (\n) 并从行首添加前三列

我有一个包含文本的日志文件：

Jan 10 09:56:17  1484207777.225918 GET "8.8.8.8" "curl/7.27.0" #0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.8.9" "curl/7.21.0" #0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17  1484207777.225456 GET "8.8.6.8" "curl/7.24.0" #0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.21.0" #0121484207777.226425 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"

我需要将符号“#”替换为换行符（\n）并从此行添加日期/时间。

我需要结果：

Jan 10 09:56:17  1484207777.225918 GET "8.8.8.8" "curl/7.27.0" 
Jan 10 09:56:17  0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.8.9" "curl/7.21.0" 
Jan 10 09:56:17  0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17  1484207777.225456 GET "8.8.6.8" "curl/7.24.0" 
Jan 10 19:59:17  0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.21.0" 
Jan 10 19:59:17  0121484207777.226425 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"

我尝试使用 sed，但没有结果。

for a in $(cat logs)

do

b=$(cat logs | awk '{print $1, $2, $3}')

echo "$a" | sed 's/#/\n"$b"/g'

done

你能帮助我完成这个任务吗？

答案1

如果您的日期字段后面是多种的空格，其他字段用单身的空格如您的示例所示，那么您可以这样做

$ awk -F'  +' '{n = split($2,a,"#"); for (i=1;i<=n;i++) print $1,a[i]}' log
Jan 10 09:56:17 1484207777.225918 GET "8.8.8.8" "curl/7.27.0"
Jan 10 09:56:17 0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.8.9" "curl/7.21.0"
Jan 10 09:56:17 0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17 1484207777.225456 GET "8.8.6.8" "curl/7.24.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17 0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.21.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17 0121484207777.226425 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"

更一般地，你可以#按如下方式替换

$ awk '{gsub(/#/, sprintf("\n%s %s %s ", $1, $2, $3))} 1' log
Jan 10 09:56:17  1484207777.225918 GET "8.8.8.8" "curl/7.27.0"
Jan 10 09:56:17 0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.8.9" "curl/7.21.0"
Jan 10 09:56:17 0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17  1484207777.225456 GET "8.8.6.8" "curl/7.24.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17 0121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.21.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17 0121484207777.226425 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"

答案2

一个小的 Python 脚本可以完成这个工作：

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import sys

for line in sys.stdin:
    timestamp = "\n" + " ".join(line.strip().split()[0:3])
    print(line.replace('#',timestamp),end="")

并演示其工作原理：

$ ./break_lines.py < input.txt                                                                                           
Jan 10 09:56:17  1484207777.225918 GET "8.8.8.8" "curl/7.27.0" 
Jan 10 09:56:170121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.8.9" "curl/7.21.0" 
Jan 10 09:56:170121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"
Jan 10 19:59:17  1484207777.225456 GET "8.8.6.8" "curl/7.24.0" 
Jan 10 19:59:170121484207777.226639 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.21.0" 
Jan 10 19:59:170121484207777.226425 GET "8.8.5.9" "curl/7.22.0"

它的工作原理很简单 - 我们将行分成几个单词，然后取出前 3 个单词并将它们连接成一个字符串，该字符串前面附加有换行符，之后我们只需用#该新字符串替换它 - 然后就大功告成了！

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