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ISC DHCP 问题

tag-icon • tag-icon networking 16.04 server dhcp
ISC DHCP 问题

我正在尝试设置我的家庭服务器（Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - 服务器）以包含 DHCP 角色，但它无法启动。

我查看了大量文档和帮助页面，但每当我查看 DHCP 服务器的状态时，它都会显示错误消息，而当我启动 DHCP 服务器时，它却返回 OK。我知道它没有运行（尽管在启动时已启用），因为 Webmin 显示情况确实如此，而且我无法使用 DHCP 获取 IP 地址。

我有一台路由器，我已禁用其 DHCP 服务器，因此这并不是与它冲突，并且当我在我的任何一台机器上分配一个静态 IP（总共 4 台，有许多移动设备）时，机器都能正常工作。

我对 Ubuntu 还很陌生，但我的专业是 Windows IT 支持，所以并不是说我没有技术头脑。

我已经附加了我的 dhcp.conf 文件，如果有人能看一下并看看我是否做错了什么，我将不胜感激。

此外，如果您能给我一些指点，以便我可以“调试”错误消息，我将不胜感激。

/etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf 如下：

ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 300;
max-lease-time 84000;
authoritative;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option routers 192.168.1.1;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
    range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.175;

    # Chromecast
    host Chromecast {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet a4:77:33:d1:c0:f8;
        fixed-address 192.168.1.5;
    }

    # Vonage (XXXXXXXXX - oops)
    host Vonage {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet c0:cb:38:49:81:6f;
        fixed-address 192.168.1.34;
    }

    # Synology NAS
    host DiskStation {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet 00:11:32:02:c9:da;
        fixed-address 192.168.1.202;
    }

    # Grandstream GXP2130 Phone
    host GXP2130 {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet 00:0b:82:7e:d4:64;
        fixed-address 192.168.1.96;
    }

    # Epson Photosmart PX820FWD Printer
    host Epson-PX820FWD {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet 00:26:ab:c2:13:f2;
        fixed-address 192.168.1.50;
    }

    # Home Theatre PC
    host HTPC {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet d0:50:99:1b:3e:fa;
        fixed-address 192.168.1.102;
    }

    # My Business Server
    host mybusinessserver {
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option routers 192.168.1.1;
        hardware ethernet 00:21:86:f0:e5:4e;
        fixed-address 192.1682.1.201;
    }
}

我收到的错误消息（对于状态报告）有点含糊不清，因为它没有告诉我为什么失败，只是失败了，如下所示：

â isc-dhcp-server.service - ISC DHCP IPv4 server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/isc-dhcp-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2017-02-12 14:52:21 WET; 39min ago
     Docs: man:dhcpd(8)
  Process: 3219 ExecStart=/bin/sh -ec      CONFIG_FILE=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf;      if [ -f /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf ]; then CONFIG_FILE=/etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf; fi;      [ -e /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases ] || touch /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases;      chown root:dhcpd /var/lib/dhcp /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases;      chmod 775 /var/lib/dhcp ; chmod 664 /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases;      exec dhcpd -user dhcpd -group dhcpd -f -4 -pf /run/dhcp-server/dhcpd.pid -cf $CONFIG_FILE $INTERFACES (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 3219 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver dhcpd[3219]: before submitting a bug.  These pages explain the proper
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver sh[3219]: before submitting a bug.  These pages explain the proper
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver dhcpd[3219]: process and the information we find helpful for debugging..
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver sh[3219]: process and the information we find helpful for debugging..
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver dhcpd[3219]:
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver dhcpd[3219]: exiting.
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver sh[3219]: exiting.
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver systemd[1]: isc-dhcp-server.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver systemd[1]: isc-dhcp-server.service: Unit entered failed state.
Feb 12 14:52:21 mybusinessserver systemd[1]: isc-dhcp-server.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

我注意到用户和组被指定为“dhcp”。这是在安装时实例化的东西吗？我不记得在任何地方设置过它们。

希望有人能帮助我，因为我不知道下一步该怎么做，而且现在我的所有设备都无法获取 DHCP 的 IP，因此所有东西都是静态分配的，这不是我真正想要做的。

期望您的帮助和支持。

克里斯

附言：我已经完成了 apt-get update、apt-get upgrade 和（只是为了确保）apt-get dist-upgrade，但都返回无需采取任何措施/一切都是最新的。

答案1

您的池和您的专用任务重叠。建议改为：

ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 300;
max-lease-time 84000;
authoritative;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.175;
}

# Chromecast
host Chromecast {
    hardware ethernet a4:77:33:d1:c0:f8;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.5;
}

# Vonage (XXXXXXXXX - oops)
host Vonage {
    hardware ethernet c0:cb:38:49:81:6f;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.34;
}

# Synology NAS
host DiskStation {
    hardware ethernet 00:11:32:02:c9:da;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.202;
}

# Grandstream GXP2130 Phone
host GXP2130 {
    hardware ethernet 00:0b:82:7e:d4:64;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.96;
}

# Epson Photosmart PX820FWD Printer
host Epson-PX820FWD {
    hardware ethernet 00:26:ab:c2:13:f2;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.50;
}

# Home Theatre PC
host HTPC {
    hardware ethernet d0:50:99:1b:3e:fa;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.102;
}

# My Business Server
host mybusinessserver {
    hardware ethernet 00:21:86:f0:e5:4e;
    fixed-address 192.168.1.201;
}

答案2

配置有错误

fixed-address 192.1682.1.201;

不确定这是否存在于磁盘上或只是在写入过程中发生。如果不是原因，请运行journalctl并查找dhcpd错误。

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