这类似于Xenial 存储库没有 Release 文件，但那里的修复对我来说不起作用。
sudo apt-get update在几天前安装的 Ubuntu 16.04 上运行时，它会返回以下错误消息：
$ sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [1,201 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [1,196 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en_GB [426 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [568 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [733 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [409 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted amd64 Packages [8,344 B]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted i386 Packages [8,684 B]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted Translation-en_GB [2,556 B]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted Translation-en [2,908 B]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [186 B]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [7,532 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe i386 Packages [7,512 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en_GB [3,040 kB]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en [4,354 kB]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,410 kB]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [7,448 kB]
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse i386 Packages [140 kB]
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse Translation-en_GB [88.1 kB]
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse Translation-en [106 kB]
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [63.8 kB]
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [230 kB]
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [700 kB]
Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main i386 Packages [654 kB]
Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [292 kB]
Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [308 kB]
Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [221 kB]
Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,604 B]
Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted i386 Packages [7,604 B]
Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted Translation-en [2,272 B]
Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [157 B]
Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [574 kB]
Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe i386 Packages [535 kB]
Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Translation-en [232 kB]
Get:40 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [185 kB]
Get:41 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [262 kB]
Get:42 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [16.2 kB]
Get:43 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [15.3 kB]
Get:44 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse Translation-en [8,052 B]
Get:45 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5,888 B]
Get:46 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [14.3 kB]
Get:47 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 Packages [4,840 B]
Get:48 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main i386 Packages [4,832 B]
Get:49 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main Translation-en [3,220 B]
Get:50 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,324 B]
Get:51 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [29 B]
Get:52 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/restricted amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [194 B]
Get:53 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [6,612 B]
Get:54 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe i386 Packages [6,600 B]
Get:55 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe Translation-en [3,768 B]
Get:56 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [4,712 B]
Get:57 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [2,716 B]
Get:58 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [216 B]
Get:59 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [29 B]
Get:60 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [425 kB]
Get:61 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main i386 Packages [385 kB]
Get:62 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [186 kB]
Get:63 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [62.8 kB]
Get:64 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [66.2 kB]
Get:65 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 Packages [7,224 B]
Get:66 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted i386 Packages [7,224 B]
Get:67 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted Translation-en [2,152 B]
Get:68 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [200 B]
Get:69 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [196 kB]
Get:70 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe i386 Packages [161 kB]
Get:71 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [101 kB]
Get:72 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [51.3 kB]
Get:73 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [85.1 kB]
Get:74 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [3,208 B]
Get:75 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse i386 Packages [3,380 B]
Get:76 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse Translation-en [1,408 B]
Get:77 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [212 B]
Get:78 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [29 B]
Fetched 45.0 MB in 28s (1,577 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Error!
E: Read error - read (5: Input/output error)
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
E: The package cache file is corrupted
/etc/apt/sources/list：
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial universe
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com xenial universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com xenial universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
$ grep -nwFe Release /etc/apt/sources.list{,.d/*.list}
/etc/apt/sources.list:1:# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801)]/ xenial main restricted
我尝试过sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*，我的/etc/apt/sources/list代码中已经注释掉了第 52 行，而第 54 行并不存在。（我在这个论坛和其他论坛上都找到了这两种解决方案）。
答案1
您的代码中从底部开始的第三行/etc/apt/sources.list似乎是错误的：
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com xenial universe
我认为该行是导致错误的原因，因此我建议您将其删除。
执行此操作后可能需要清理包缓存，您可以通过运行以下命令进行清理：
sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*
进而：
sudo apt update
答案2
就我而言，这个问题真的很愚蠢。我没有服务器外的网络访问权限。我花了很长时间才意识到这是我的问题 ;-)
答案3
就我的情况（16.04 LTS）来说，遥控器下载服务器肯定是引擎盖下出了问题。我收到通知说这是Undocumented error。我更换了下载服务器，它就正常工作了。我记录了这个解决方案在另一篇文章中。
答案4
可以设置代理
在看
- /etc/apt/apt.conf
- /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
- http_proxy 环境变量