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为什么我无法升级 zsh？

tag-icon • tag-icon 14.04 apt package-management unattended-upgrades
为什么我无法升级 zsh？

在 Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS 上运行的zsh是一个软件包，可以进行升级：

# apt-cache policy zsh
zsh:
  Installed: 5.0.2-3ubuntu6
  Candidate: 5.0.2-3ubuntu6
  Version table:
     5.0.5-4ubuntu1~ubuntu14.04.1 0
        100 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages
 *** 5.0.2-3ubuntu6 0
        500 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

但是，也apt-get install zsh不会unattended-upgrades升级它：

apt-get

# apt-get install --dry-run zsh
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
zsh is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

无人值守升级

# unattended-upgrade --debug   
Initial blacklisted packages: 
Starting unattended upgrades script
Allowed origins are: ['o=LP-PPA-brightbox-ruby-ng,a=trusty', 'o=Percona Development Team,a=', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports', 'o=LP-PPA-ondrej-php,a=trusty', 'o=RabbitMQ,a=testing', 'o=LP-PPA-vbernat-haproxy-1.5,a=trusty', 'o=Node Source,a=', 'o=,a=now', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty', 'o=UbuntuESM,a=trusty', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-proposed', 'o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports', 'o=LP-PPA-ondrej-php,a=trusty', 'o=LP-PPA-brightbox-ruby-ng,a=trusty', 'o=Node Source,a=trusty']
pkgs that look like they should be upgraded: 
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)                                                                                                                         
fetch.run() result: 0
blacklist: []
No packages found that can be upgraded unattended and no pending auto-removals

即使我明确请求新版本，也不会进行升级：

# apt-get install zsh=5.0.5-4ubuntu1~ubuntu14.04.1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  zsh
Suggested packages:
  zsh-doc
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

为什么要apt-get骗我说我已经有了最新版本？为什么unattended-upgrades同样要跳过它，即使我列出了所有可能的来源，包括trusty-backports，并将其/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades列为“允许”？

更新：是的，默认情况下禁用“反向移植”是有道理的。但是，我们已将它们列为有效来源/etc/apt/sources.list：

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

即使我删除restricted上面几行中的部分，它仍然不会升级 zsh......

更新: 经过研究关联@olivierb2 在下面的评论中提出，我创建了/etc/apt/preferences.d/equalize强制所有来源具有同等优先级的功能：

Package: *
Pin: release a=trusty-security
Pin-Priority: 509

Package: *
Pin: release a=trusty
Pin-Priority: 509

Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 509

Package: *
Pin: release a=trusty-updates
Pin-Priority: 509

Package: *
Pin: release a=trusty-backports
Pin-Priority: 509

Package: *
Pin: release a=now
Pin-Priority: 509

现在一切都按照我期望的方式运行了：

# apt-cache policy zsh
zsh:
  Installed: 5.0.2-3ubuntu6
  Candidate: 5.0.5-4ubuntu1~ubuntu14.04.1
  Version table:
     5.0.5-4ubuntu1~ubuntu14.04.1 0
        509 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages
 *** 5.0.2-3ubuntu6 0
        509 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        509 /var/lib/dpkg/status

我仍然不明白，在没有明确“偏好”设置的情况下，究竟是什么控制着优先级。但现在我有了解决方案。

答案1

默认情况下，Backport 是禁用的，你必须使用以下命令从 Backport 升级你的软件包

apt-get install zsh -t trusty-backports

编辑：我想念源页面在哪里可以找到信息

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