我最近升级到了 artful，无法r-recommended再安装。我一直收到此错误消息：
user@box:~$ sudo apt install r-recommended
[sudo] password for user:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
r-recommended : Depends: r-cran-boot (>= 1.2.19) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
user@box:~$
尽管如此，https://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu/artful/已经可用。
编辑：正如@muru 在评论中询问的那样，的输出sudo apt-get update加上的输出sudo apt-get upgrade是
user@box:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian zesty InRelease
Ign:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Ign:3 https://cran-r.c3sl.ufpr.br/bin/linux/ubuntu artful/ InRelease
Hit:4 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Hit:5 https://cran-r.c3sl.ufpr.br/bin/linux/ubuntu artful/ Release
Hit:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit:9 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu artful InRelease
Hit:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates InRelease
Hit:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports InRelease
Hit:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
user@box:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
user@box:~$
答案1
的依赖关系似乎已损坏r-cran-boot。具体来说，它依赖于r-api-3，但后者已不复存在，已被更改为r-api-3.4。
sudo aptitude full-upgrade
The following packages will be upgraded:
r-cran-boot{b}
1 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 618 kB of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
r-cran-boot : Depends: r-api-3 which is a virtual package and is not provided by any available package
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Keep the following packages at their current version:
1) r-cran-boot [1.3-20-1build1 (artful, now)]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]
我将尝试立即提交错误报告。
更新：软件包维护者似乎已修复该问题。我能够升级而不会出现依赖性错误。
答案2
事实上，正如 Paul Stodghill 在他的回答中所指出的，aptitude只要您知道它首先会建议不安装任何内容（您需要拒绝这个无用的建议），安装 就可以了，因为就在那时，它会建议安装r-cran-boot未满足依赖关系的r-api-3.4，如以下输出所示：
user@box:~$ sudo aptitude install r-recommended
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cdbs{a} dh-translations{a} intltool{a} libblas-dev{a} liblapack-dev{a} libncurses5-dev{a} libreadline-dev{a} libtinfo-dev{a} python-pkg-resources{a} python-scour{a}
python-six{a} r-base-core{a} r-base-dev{a} r-cran-boot{ab} r-cran-class{a} r-cran-cluster{a} r-cran-codetools{a} r-cran-foreign{a} r-cran-kernsmooth{a}
r-cran-lattice{a} r-cran-mass{a} r-cran-matrix{a} r-cran-mgcv{a} r-cran-nlme{a} r-cran-nnet{a} r-cran-rpart{a} r-cran-spatial{a} r-cran-survival{a} r-doc-html{a}
r-recommended
0 packages upgraded, 30 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 43.5 MB of archives. After unpacking 78.9 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
r-cran-boot : Depends: r-api-3 which is a virtual package, provided by:
- r-base-core (3.4.2-2zesty), but 3.4.2-2artful4 is to be installed
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Keep the following packages at their current version:
1) r-cran-boot [Not Installed]
2) r-recommended [Not Installed]
Leave the following dependencies unresolved:
3) r-base-core recommends r-recommended
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
1) r-cran-boot [1.3-20-1build1 (artful)]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cdbs{a} dh-translations{a} intltool{a} libblas-dev{a} liblapack-dev{a} libncurses5-dev{a} libreadline-dev{a} libtinfo-dev{a} python-pkg-resources{a} python-scour{a}
python-six{a} r-base-core{a} r-base-dev{a} r-cran-boot{a} r-cran-class{a} r-cran-cluster{a} r-cran-codetools{a} r-cran-foreign{a} r-cran-kernsmooth{a}
r-cran-lattice{a} r-cran-mass{a} r-cran-matrix{a} r-cran-mgcv{a} r-cran-nlme{a} r-cran-nnet{a} r-cran-rpart{a} r-cran-spatial{a} r-cran-survival{a} r-doc-html{a}
r-recommended
0 packages upgraded, 30 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 43.5 MB of archives. After unpacking 78.9 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Get: 1 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu artful/ r-base-core 3.4.2-2artful4 [23.2 MB]
Get: 2 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu artful/ r-base-dev 3.4.2-2artful4 [4414 B]
(...)
Setting up r-cran-rpart (4.1-11-1build1) ...
Setting up r-recommended (3.4.2-2artful4) ...
Current status: 1 (+1) upgradable.
user@box:~$
答案3
对于在不同设置中遇到此错误的用户。
我从 16.04 升级到 18.04 后也出现了这个问题。
我在 16.04 上为 cran 安装了另一个镜像。升级后，我在升级 r-recommended 时遇到了同样的问题，输出结果也是一样的。
一旦我删除了源列表，就我的情况而言cran.mirror.ac.za，升级仍然无法完成，输出如下：
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
r-cran-boot : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-class : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-cluster : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-codetools : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-foreign : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-kernsmooth : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-lattice : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-mass : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-matrix : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-mgcv : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-nlme : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-nnet : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-rpart : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-spatial : Depends: r-api-3.4
r-cran-survival : Depends: r-api-3.4
我必须这样做apt-get remove r-base-core，apt-get clean然后才能r-recommended顺利安装。
我认为问题在于所依赖的包r-base-core是从其他 repo 安装的，并且不会随 Ubuntu 自动升级。
这实际上可能是 OP 的情况，或者在任何情况下都可能出现相同的情况，所以我认为这可能是一个有用的答案。