这个问题不是重复的。我在这里得到了我想要的答案：https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/411530/3285
之前，我收到此错误当我尝试更新时。我认为这个问题与VLC PPA 在 Ubuntu 上一直是彻头彻尾的垃圾rm。为了清除软件包，我实际上必须删除一个受软件包控制的文件*vlc*。现在，我删除了该文件，我可以相对轻松地删除 vlc 软件包。我认为这会让我回到开始，我可以再次尝试安装，但当我这样做时，我得到了这个错误，
sudo apt-get install vlc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc : Depends: vlc-plugin-video-output (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
现在，有几件事
- 我不想使用 Aptitude！这不是一个解决办法，就像建议在这里。我想知道问题是什么。
我没有任何标记的包裹。这些命令没有返回任何内容。
dpkg --get-selections | grep hold apt-mark showhold我对 vlc 一无所知。此命令未返回任何内容。
dpkg -l | grep -i vlc
我应该去哪里查找导致此问题的原因？
sudo apt-get -s -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes install vlc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
Investigating (0) vlc:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un puN Ib >
Broken vlc:amd64 Depends on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 < none | 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uH > (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1)
Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc:amd64 9999
Re-Instated vlc-plugin-base:amd64
Investigating (0) vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN Ib >
Broken vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 Breaks on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN > (< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0
Holding Back vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 rather than change vlc-plugin-base:amd64
Investigating (1) vlc:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un puN Ib >
Broken vlc:amd64 Depends on vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none | 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uH > (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1)
Considering vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc:amd64 9999
Re-Instated vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64
Investigating (1) vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN Ib >
Broken vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 Breaks on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN > (< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0
Holding Back vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 rather than change vlc-plugin-base:amd64
Investigating (2) vlc:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un puN Ib >
Broken vlc:amd64 Depends on vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none | 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uH > (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1)
Considering vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc:amd64 9999
Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc : Depends: vlc-plugin-video-output (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
sudo apt-get install -f
[sudo] password for ecarroll:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
apt-cache policy根据要求进行快速检查，
apt-cache policy vlc vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-base
vlc:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Version table:
3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages
2.2.6-6 500
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
vlc-plugin-video-output:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Version table:
3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages
2.2.6-6 500
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
vlc-plugin-base:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Version table:
3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages
2.2.6-6 500
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
跑步，sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-base
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc-plugin-video-output : Breaks: vlc-plugin-base (< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~) but 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
跑步，apt-cache show vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-base
Package: vlc-plugin-video-output
Source: vlc
Priority: optional
Section: video
Installed-Size: 747
Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Replaces: vlc-plugin-base (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Depends: libaa1 (>= 1.4p5), libavcodec57 (>= 7:3.3.4) | libavcodec-extra57 (>= 7:3.3.4), libavutil55 (>= 7:3.3.4), libc6 (>= 2.16), libcaca0 (>= 0.99.beta17-1), libegl1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libegl1-x11, libgl1-mesa-glx | libgl1, libgles2-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libgles2, libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0), libva-wayland1 (>= 1.3.0), libva-x11-1 (>= 1.0.3), libva1 (>= 1.7.3), libvlccore9 (>= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1~), libwayland-client0 (>= 1.9.91), libwayland-egl1-mesa (>= 10.0.2) | libwayland-egl1, libx11-6, libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb-shm0, libxcb-xv0 (>= 1.2), libxcb1, vlc-plugin-abi-4-0-0
Enhances: vlc
Breaks: vlc-plugin-base (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Filename: pool/main/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-video-output_3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1_amd64.deb
Size: 187422
MD5sum: 0d25595004292437bbc298de8ce0ffdd
SHA1: 4be5a204b9aeedfc444e8520010fc3ac02363873
SHA256: fb8f64cb8ba1344e73e666c0621a974ccc313ffcbe8c38760765e40f9c0b637d
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains the video output plugins.
Description-md5: 304efe8a3dcaf595b6085adb45316c41
Multi-Arch: same
Package: vlc-plugin-video-output
Architecture: amd64
Version: 2.2.6-6
Multi-Arch: same
Priority: optional
Section: universe/video
Source: vlc
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 249
Depends: libvlccore8 (= 2.2.6-6), libaa1 (>= 1.4p5), libc6 (>= 2.14), libcaca0 (>= 0.99.beta17-1), libegl1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libegl1-x11, libgl1-mesa-glx | libgl1, libgles2-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libgles2, libx11-6, libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb-shm0, libxcb-xv0 (>= 1.2), libxcb1
Enhances: vlc
Filename: pool/universe/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-video-output_2.2.6-6_amd64.deb
Size: 53992
MD5sum: b781e5a9bd6f9f513914f3bd5ab5e5f3
SHA1: 5e7a6a24e7ecb9c3944447303f7a276ec8dd592b
SHA256: e3e66e617cee1e9db3d26b37de8c26b4d8a55901eee3e16c6e1a94f1d37be988
Homepage: https://www.videolan.org/vlc/
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains the video output plugins.
Description-md5: 304efe8a3dcaf595b6085adb45316c41
Task: kubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-full, edubuntu-desktop-gnome, lubuntu-qt-desktop, ubuntustudio-video, ubuntustudio-graphics, ubuntu-mate-desktop
Package: vlc-plugin-base
Source: vlc
Priority: optional
Section: video
Installed-Size: 10845
Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Recommends: xdg-utils
Replaces: vlc-plugin-zvbi (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Suggests: libdvdcss2
Depends: vlc-data (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1), liba52-0.7.4, libarchive13 (>= 3.1.2), libaribb24-0 (>= 1.0.3), libasound2 (>= 1.0.27), libass9 (>= 1:0.13.6), libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libavc1394-0 (>= 0.5.3), libavcodec57 (>= 7:3.3.4) | libavcodec-extra57 (>= 7:3.3.4), libavformat57 (>= 7:3.3.4), libavutil55 (>= 7:3.3.4), libbasicusageenvironment1, libbluray2 (>= 1:1.0.0), libc6 (>= 2.16), libcairo2 (>= 1.13.1), libcddb2, libchromaprint1 (>= 1.3.2), libcrystalhd3 (>= 1:0.0~git20110715.fdd2f19), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.9.14), libdc1394-22, libdca0 (>= 0.0.5), libdvbpsi10 (>= 1.3.0), libdvdnav4 (>= 5.0.3), libdvdread4 (>= 4.1.3), libebml4v5 (>= 1.3.4-2~), libfaad2 (>= 2.7), libflac8 (>= 1.3.0), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.11.94), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libfribidi0 (>= 0.19.2), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.4), libgcrypt20 (>= 1.7.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.28.0), libgnutls30 (>= 3.5.6), libgpg-error0 (>= 1.14), libgroupsock8, libharfbuzz0b (>= 0.9.4), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libkate1 (>= 0.3.0), liblirc-client0, liblivemedia58, liblua5.2-0, libmad0 (>= 0.15.1b-3), libmatroska6v5 (>= 1.4.5), libmicrodns0 (>= 0.0.3), libmpcdec6 (>= 1:0.1~r435), libmpeg2-4 (>= 0.5.1), libmpg123-0 (>= 1.13.7), libmtp9 (>= 1.1.0), libncursesw5 (>= 6), libnfs8 (>= 1.9.7), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), libopenmpt-modplug1 (>= 0.2.7386~beta20.3), libopus0 (>= 1.1), libpng16-16 (>= 1.6.2-1), libpostproc54 (>= 7:3.3.4), libpulse0 (>= 0.99.4), libraw1394-11, libresid-builder0c2a, librsvg2-2 (>= 2.14.4), libsamplerate0 (>= 0.1.7), libsdl-image1.2 (>= 1.2.10), libsdl1.2debian (>= 1.2.11), libsecret-1-0 (>= 0.7), libshine3 (>= 3.1.0), libshout3, libsidplay2, libsndio6.1 (>= 1.1.0), libsoxr0 (>= 0.1.0), libspeex1 (>= 1.2~beta3-1), libspeexdsp1 (>= 1.2~beta3.2-1), libssh2-1 (>= 1.2.3), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libswscale4 (>= 7:3.3.4), libsystemd0, libtag1v5 (>= 1.9.1-2.2~), libtheora0 (>= 1.0), libtinfo5 (>= 6), libtwolame0 (>= 0.3.6), libudev1 (>= 183), libupnp6 (>= 1:1.6.19), libusageenvironment3, libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0), libva1 (>= 1.7.3), libvlccore9 (>= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1~), libvorbis0a (>= 1.1.2), libvorbisenc2 (>= 1.1.2), libx264-148, libx265-130 (>= 2.5), libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb1, libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libzvbi0 (>= 0.2.35), zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4), vlc-plugin-abi-4-0-0
Breaks: vlc-plugin-zvbi (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Filename: pool/main/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-base_3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1_amd64.deb
Size: 2726256
MD5sum: 02cfa70575f76df46096e0f9df8dac74
SHA1: 0c45fa13a2c3473e27fdc32d5d4da7bdd0237907
SHA256: fcfc90a4c13a0c695bb342ca980087e1235cdf955173b18c23056615618a288a
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (base plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains most plugins which are shipped in more specialied plugin
packages.
Description-md5: 103cb021db8e172eaddc03ab0f07e203
Multi-Arch: same
Package: vlc-plugin-base
Architecture: amd64
Version: 2.2.6-6
Multi-Arch: same
Priority: optional
Section: universe/video
Source: vlc
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 27372
Depends: libvlccore8 (= 2.2.6-6), liba52-0.7.4, libasound2 (>= 1.0.27), libass9 (>= 1:0.13.6), libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libavc1394-0 (>= 0.5.3), libbasicusageenvironment1, libbluray2 (>= 1:0.5.0), libbz2-1.0, libc6 (>= 2.17), libcairo2 (>= 1.13.1), libcddb2, libcdio13 (>= 0.83), libchromaprint1 (>= 1.3.2), libcrystalhd3 (>= 1:0.0~git20110715.fdd2f19), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.9.14), libdc1394-22, libdca0 (>= 0.0.5), libdvbpsi10 (>= 1.3.0), libdvdnav4 (>= 5.0.3), libdvdread4 (>= 4.1.3), libebml4v5 (>= 1.3.4-2~), libfaad2 (>= 2.7), libflac8 (>= 1.3.0), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.11.94), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libfribidi0 (>= 0.19.2), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.4), libgcrypt20 (>= 1.7.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.12.0), libgme0 (>= 0.5.5), libgnutls30 (>= 3.5.6), libgpg-error0 (>= 1.14), libgroupsock8, libgsm1 (>= 1.0.13), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libkate1 (>= 0.3.0), liblirc-client0, liblivemedia58, liblua5.2-0, liblzma5 (>= 5.1.1alpha+20120614), libmad0 (>= 0.15.1b-3), libmatroska6v5 (>= 1.4.5), libmp3lame0, libmpcdec6 (>= 1:0.1~r435), libmpeg2-4 (>= 0.5.1), libmtp9 (>= 1.1.0), libncursesw5 (>= 6), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), libopenmpt-modplug1 (>= 0.2.7386~beta20.3), libopus0 (>= 1.1), libpng16-16 (>= 1.6.2-1), libpulse0 (>= 0.99.4), libraw1394-11, libresid-builder0c2a, librsvg2-2 (>= 2.14.4), librtmp1 (>= 2.3), libsamplerate0 (>= 0.1.7), libsdl-image1.2 (>= 1.2.10), libsdl1.2debian (>= 1.2.11), libshine3 (>= 3.1.0), libshout3, libsidplay2, libsnappy1v5, libsndio6.1 (>= 1.1.0), libspeex1 (>= 1.2~beta3-1), libspeexdsp1 (>= 1.2~beta3.2-1), libssh-gcrypt-4 (>= 0.4.2), libssh2-1 (>= 1.2), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libtag1v5 (>= 1.9.1-2.2~), libtheora0 (>= 1.0), libtinfo5 (>= 6), libtwolame0 (>= 0.3.10), libudev1 (>= 183), libupnp6 (>= 1:1.6.19), libusageenvironment3, libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0), libva-x11-1 (>= 1.0.3), libva1 (>= 1.7.3), libvcdinfo0 (>= 0.7.21), libvorbis0a (>= 1.1.2), libvorbisenc2 (>= 1.1.2), libvpx4 (>= 1.6.0), libwavpack1 (>= 4.40.0), libwebp6 (>= 0.5.1), libwebpmux3 (>= 0.6.0-3), libx11-6, libx264-148, libx265-130 (>= 2.5), libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb1, libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libxvidcore4 (>= 1.2.2), libzvbi0 (>= 0.2.35), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.0.2), vlc-data (= 2.2.6-6)
Recommends: xdg-utils
Suggests: libdvdcss2
Filename: pool/universe/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-base_2.2.6-6_amd64.deb
Size: 7822760
MD5sum: 18b84f38bd2569d84b8ad409e0053267
SHA1: e3832d8afbeffc6d320ed42e5a0ad55a25701412
SHA256: e564b23d60b45de85576cb0add1fc31b21586f8c05f24323f148a3cf579951ed
Homepage: https://www.videolan.org/vlc/
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (base plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains most plugins which are shipped in more specialied plugin
packages.
Description-md5: 103cb021db8e172eaddc03ab0f07e203
Task: kubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-full, edubuntu-desktop-gnome, lubuntu-qt-desktop, ubuntustudio-video, ubuntustudio-graphics, ubuntu-mate-desktop
答案1
由于您使用的 PPA，导致依赖关系中断：
ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu
您可以从消息中看出这一点：
The following packages have unmet dependencies: vlc : Depends: > vlc-plugin-video-output (=> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
因此 vlc 依赖于 vlc-plugin-video-output
$ sudo apt-get -s -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes install vlc ... Broken vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 Breaks on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN ( 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~) Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0 Holding Back vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 rather than change vlc-plugin-base:amd64 ...
apt 正在举办 vlc-plugin-video-output，由于依赖关系中断。 不是你也不是您的配置，但我们从第一个输出就已经知道了。
我们有确切的理由
vlc-plugin-video-output : Breaks: vlc-plugin-base (3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~) but 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 is to be installed
因此，您需要向 ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu 提交错误报告，以便他们修复您的依赖问题，或者自行解决。
我不会建议你自己解决这个问题，除非你愿意接受一个损坏的 vlc 或者你知道有问题的包。
这就是使用 PPA 的风险，尤其是这个。