我无法再挂载我的硬盘。dmesg -w 显示这种错误。
[14258.478443] usb 3-4: new high-speed USB device number 16 using xhci_hcd
[14258.620177] usb-storage 3-4:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[14258.620625] scsi host6: usb-storage 3-4:1.0
[14259.629271] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Mass Storage Device PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[14259.654286] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773166 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)
[14259.654484] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[14259.654488] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00
[14259.654671] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page found
[14259.654678] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[14259.775713] scsi_io_completion: 18 callbacks suppressed
[14259.775727] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.775736] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.775741] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.775748] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00
[14259.775751] print_req_error: 18 callbacks suppressed
[14259.775754] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 0
[14259.775764] buffer_io_error: 26 callbacks suppressed
[14259.775767] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 0, async page read
[14259.843377] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.843386] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.843392] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.843399] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 02 00
[14259.843403] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 2
[14259.843413] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 1, async page read
[14259.868776] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.868784] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.868790] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.868797] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 02 00
[14259.868800] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 4
[14259.868810] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 2, async page read
[14259.894152] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.894160] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.894166] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.894172] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 02 00
[14259.894177] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 6
[14259.894186] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 3, async page read
[14259.919445] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.919448] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.919449] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.919451] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00
[14259.919453] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 0
[14259.919456] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 0, async page read
[14259.944756] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.944763] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.944768] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.944775] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 02 00
[14259.944779] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 2
[14259.944788] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 1, async page read
[14259.970120] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.970128] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.970133] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.970139] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 02 00
[14259.970142] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 4
[14259.970151] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 2, async page read
[14259.995547] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14259.995554] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14259.995559] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14259.995564] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 02 00
[14259.995568] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 6
[14259.995575] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 3, async page read
[14259.995600] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[14260.020959] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14260.020964] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14260.020968] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14260.020973] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00
[14260.020976] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 0
[14260.020982] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 0, async page read
[14260.046308] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[14260.046317] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
[14260.046323] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
[14260.046329] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 02 00
[14260.046334] print_req_error: critical medium error, dev sdb, sector 2
[14260.046343] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 1, async page read
[14260.299886] sdb: unable to read partition table
[14260.300948] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
由于这是一个相当新的硬盘，所以我不认为这是硬件故障。
按照网上的建议，我对驱动器执行了 SMART 测试。smartctl -a /dev/sdb输出以下内容：
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.14.15-1-ARCH] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Laptop HDD
Device Model: ST500LT012-9WS142
Serial Number: W0VC20VP
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 06a06b3ef
Firmware Version: 0002SDM1
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Feb 12 13:18:08 2018 +0545
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 104) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x1035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 113 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 53867432
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 096 096 020 Old_age Always - 5050
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 074 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 21598024463
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 6613 (201 84 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 096 096 020 Old_age Always - 4993
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 1
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 078 051 045 Old_age Always - 22 (Min/Max 22/22)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1421
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1002
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 204738
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 022 049 000 Old_age Always - 22 (0 11 0 0 0)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x000f 094 094 030 Pre-fail Always - 5867 (9486 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 3
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 094 094 000 Old_age Offline - 5867 (37 14 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 3729147456
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 564102414
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 4047 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 10% 4047 -
# 3 Offline Aborted by host 90% 4047 -
# 4 Offline Aborted by host 90% 3560 -
# 5 Offline Aborted by host 90% 3560 -
# 6 Offline Aborted by host 90% 2896 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 212 -
# 8 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 212 -
# 9 Offline Aborted by host 90% 212 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
我无法解释原始数据，但既然所有值都高于阈值，难道我至少应该能够从硬盘中下载数据吗？dd of=/dev/null if=/dev/sdb失败并出现相同的输入/输出错误。debugfs \dev\sdb
还有其他我可以尝试做的事情吗？数据不是很重要，所以如果硬盘可以修复，我愿意牺牲它。但是如果有办法恢复数据，我也想尝试一下。
smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb经过短暂的测试后输出以下内容。
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.14.15-1-ARCH] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1242 -
# 2 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 1240 -
# 3 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 1239 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1239 -
# 5 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 1239 -
# 6 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 1239 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1238 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1236 -
# 9 Short offline Aborted by host 60% 1236 -
#10 Short offline Aborted by host 80% 1236 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 298 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1 -
感谢您的时间。