我在 Linux Ubuntu 18.04 上使用金士顿 USB 14GB 作为交换区域，今天系统崩溃并抛出一条消息“交换设备上读取错误”，屏幕变黑，我尝试在 shell 之间切换但没有任何效果，所以我使用电源按钮强制关机，这个问题的解决方案是什么？我运行了sudo apt-get update，sudo apt-get upgrade
由于。。。导致的结果smartctl --all /dev/sda
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-33-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Blue Mobile
Device Model: WDC WD5000LPCX-24C6HT0
Serial Number: WD-WX51A35HSA1U
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6059cbe36
Firmware Version: 02.01A02
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Sep 3 21:36:43 2018 WEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 9120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 104) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 151 143 021 Pre-fail Always - 1416
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 078 078 000 Old_age Always - 22183
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 091 091 000 Old_age Always - 6899
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2552
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 137
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 182 182 000 Old_age Always - 55366
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 104 088 000 Old_age Always - 39
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 6508
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Vendor (0x50) Completed without error 00% 1247 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1247 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
sudo smartctl --all /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: Unknown USB bridge [0x0930:0x6544 (0x100)]
sudo smartctl --all /dev/sdc
Smartctl open device: /dev/sdc failed: No such device
答案1
我通过在根目录中创建交换文件并停止使用 USB 解决了该问题。我做了：
创建交换文件：
sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile
使该文件仅对 root 可访问：
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
使用该文件作为交换空间：
sudo mkswap /swapfile
如果所有方法均有效并且您想使上述更改永久生效：
sudo echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
答案2
像这样关闭交换文件：
sudo swapoff -a
在另一个磁盘上创建一个新的交换文件：（其中X和Y是表示另一个设备的字母）
sudo mkswap -c /dev/XdY
重新打开交换文件：
sudo swapon -a