我刚刚尝试使用 安装 HWE 堆栈sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04，但安装不完整。没有生成启动映像，没有/lib/modules为其加载任何内容，等等。我做错了什么？
安装命令的输出：
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/15.2 kB of archives.
After this operation, 248 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package linux-generic-hwe-18.04.
(Reading database ... 407048 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../linux-generic-hwe-18.04_4.18.0.15.65_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-generic-hwe-18.04 (4.18.0.15.65) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04.
Preparing to unpack .../xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04_1%3a7.7+19ubuntu8~18.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04 (1:7.7+19ubuntu8~18.04.2) ...
Setting up xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04 (1:7.7+19ubuntu8~18.04.2) ...
Setting up linux-generic-hwe-18.04 (4.18.0.15.65) ...
输出uname -a
Linux my-computer-name 4.15.0-45-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 29 16:28:13 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
尝试手动安装两个明显缺失的依赖项的输出：
sudo apt install linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
[sudo] password for brandon:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 is already the newest version (4.18.0.15.65).
linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 set to manually installed.
linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 is already the newest version (4.18.0.15.65).
linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
输出dpkg -l | grep linux-image
rc linux-image-4.15.0-20-generic 4.15.0-20.21 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-4.15.0-45-generic 4.15.0-45.48 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic 4.18.0-15.16~18.04.1 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-generic 4.15.0.45.47 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
ii linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 4.18.0.15.65 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
输出sudo update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-45-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-45-generic
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sdb1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done
[这台笔记本电脑预装了 Windows 并运行它，因此有 WBM 条目。]
尝试手动重新安装映像时出错：
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/4.18.0-15-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic (--configure):
installed linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
答案1
您可以使用低级命令重新安装此内核和模块（下载并直接提取到文件系统）：
apt-get download linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic
apt-get download linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic
apt-get download linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic
apt-get download linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic
sudo dpkg -x linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic*.deb /
sudo dpkg -x linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic*.deb /
sudo dpkg -x linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic*.deb /
sudo dpkg -x linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic*.deb /
sudo update-grub
然后以常规方式重新安装它们：
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-4.18.0-15-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-modules-extra-4.18.0-15-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-modules-4.18.0-15-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-headers-4.18.0-15-generic
最后安装 HWE：
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04
答案2
使用 FAI 部署 Bionics 时也会出现同样的问题。安装 HWE 内核时不会生成 initrd。作为安装 HWE 软件包后的解决方法，我还手动创建了 initrd
update-initramfs -c -k `ls -1 /lib/modules/ | head -2 | tail -1`
update-grub
它假设从 /lib/modules 获取最新的内核版本。