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名称解析找不到我的服务器，但 DIG 可以。为什么？

tag-icon • tag-icon 18.04 dns
名称解析找不到我的服务器，但 DIG 可以。为什么？

在 Ubuntu 18.04 上：

$ nmcli dev show | grep DNS
IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.71.73.45
IP4.DNS[2]:                             10.10.1.10
IP4.DNS[3]:                             10.10.1.11

和

$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search int.demarcohome.com demarcohome.com pchem.pro
nameserver 127.0.0.53

和

$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   nick

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

和

$ dig @10.10.1.10 ipa1.pchem.pro
; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.11-Ubuntu <<>> @10.10.1.10 ipa1.pchem.pro
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64107
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: e0b264dbb674673a875433205e64f22cacb2616d8b1969b2 (good)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ipa1.pchem.pro.            IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ipa1.pchem.pro.     1200    IN  A   10.10.1.10

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
pchem.pro.      86400   IN  NS  ipa1.pchem.pro.

那为什么不呢

$ dig ipa1.pchem.pro

; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.11-Ubuntu <<>> ipa1.pchem.pro
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 19340
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ipa1.pchem.pro.            IN  A

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 08 09:32:08 EDT 2020
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 43

或者

$ nslookup ipa1.pchem.pro
Server:     127.0.0.53
Address:    127.0.0.53#53

** server can't find ipa1.pchem.pro: NXDOMAIN

???

有一个以太网适配器

$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:40:00:53 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.71.73.137/24 brd 10.71.73.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 220sec preferred_lft 220sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe40:53/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

编辑：回复@heynnema 的评论（并感谢）：

$ dig @10.71.73.45 ipa1.pchem.pro

; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.11-Ubuntu <<>> @10.71.73.45 ipa1.pchem.pro
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 47997
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: 0f8732674030db65f517a8c75e652bac26cb9fdab2bcf562 (good)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ipa1.pchem.pro.            IN  A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
pchem.pro.      3601    IN  SOA dns1.registrar-servers.com. hostmaster.registrar-servers.com. 1582732969 43200 3600 604800 3601

;; Query time: 51 msec
;; SERVER: 10.71.73.45#53(10.71.73.45)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 08 13:30:20 EDT 2020
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 144

和

$ dig @10.71.73.45 ipa1.pchem.pro

; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.11-Ubuntu <<>> @10.71.73.45 ipa1.pchem.pro
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 58109
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: e0a674698cf1f2cac83202565e652bfe51d22df0b694ffca (good)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ipa1.pchem.pro.            IN  A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
pchem.pro.      3519    IN  SOA dns1.registrar-servers.com. hostmaster.registrar-servers.com. 1582732969 43200 3600 604800 3601

;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 10.71.73.45#53(10.71.73.45)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 08 13:31:42 EDT 2020
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 144

和

$ systemd-resolve --status
Global
          DNS Domain: int.demarcohome.com
                      demarcohome.com
                      pchem.pro
          DNSSEC NTA: 10.in-addr.arpa
                      16.172.in-addr.arpa
                      168.192.in-addr.arpa
                      17.172.in-addr.arpa
                      18.172.in-addr.arpa
                      19.172.in-addr.arpa
                      20.172.in-addr.arpa
                      21.172.in-addr.arpa
                      22.172.in-addr.arpa
                      23.172.in-addr.arpa
                      24.172.in-addr.arpa
                      25.172.in-addr.arpa
                      26.172.in-addr.arpa
                      27.172.in-addr.arpa
                      28.172.in-addr.arpa
                      29.172.in-addr.arpa
                      30.172.in-addr.arpa
                      31.172.in-addr.arpa
                      corp
                      d.f.ip6.arpa
                      home
                      internal
                      intranet
                      lan
                      local
                      private
                      test

Link 2 (ens33)
      Current Scopes: DNS
       LLMNR setting: yes
MulticastDNS setting: no
      DNSSEC setting: no
    DNSSEC supported: no
         DNS Servers: 10.71.73.45
                      10.10.1.10
                      10.10.1.11
          DNS Domain: ~.
                      int.demarcohome.com
                      demarcohome.com
                      pchem.pro

答案1

您的某些 DNS 服务器无法正常工作。

dig @10.71.73.45 ipa1.pchem.pro# 此 DNS 服务器不工作

dig @10.10.1.10 ipa1.pchem.pro# 此 DNS 服务器正在运行

dig @10.10.1.11 ipa1.pchem.pro#我们意外地没有测试这个 DNS 服务器

暂时将您的 DNS 服务器更改为仅显示 10.10.1.10，然后重新测试。然后去修复其他 DNS 服务器。

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