背景故事：我在笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 20.04。我的附加显示器无法工作，Nvidia 驱动程序也无法工作。设置 > 关于显示集成英特尔卡。尝试安装，但 nvida-smi 和 nvidia-settings 无法检测到驱动程序，并显示“nvidia 驱动程序未加载”之类的消息。
我尝试过的：做了很多随机的事情，最终从运行文件安装中安装了 Nvidia 440 驱动程序。这些随机的事情包括添加 nouveau blacklist、nvidia purge、从运行文件安装、将启动模式从 UEFI 更改为其他模式。现在驱动程序运行正常，它显示在“设置”>“关于”中，nvidia-settings 和 nvidia-smi 运行正常。
问题：现在它无法检测到我的主笔记本电脑显示器，而外接显示器工作正常。如果我转到“设置”>“显示”，我只会看到外接显示器，而不是主显示器。显示仅在外接显示器上出现，主显示器上出现黑屏。在 nvidia-settings 中，我只在“布局”中看到一个显示器。此外，如果我断开外接显示器，它不会启动，停留在加载屏幕。
请求帮助：我做错了什么？我可以尝试如何解决这个问题？
输出xrandr -q：
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 2560 x 1440, maximum 32767 x 32767
HDMI-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-0 connected primary 2560x1440+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 597mm x 336mm
2560x1440 144.00*+ 120.00 59.95 59.95
1920x1080 119.88 60.00 59.94 50.00
1680x1050 59.95
1440x900 59.89
1280x1024 75.02 60.02
1280x960 60.00
1280x800 59.81
1280x720 60.00 59.94 50.00
1152x864 75.00
1024x768 75.03 70.07 60.00
800x600 75.00 72.19 60.32 56.25
720x576 50.00
720x480 59.94
640x480 75.00 72.81 59.94
DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
输出lspci -vv：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 8th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] 8th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: skl_uncore
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 07) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 122
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00004000-00004fff [size=4K]
Memory behind bridge: a4000000-a50fffff [size=17M]
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000000090000000-00000000a20fffff [size=289M]
Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR-
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- VGA16+ MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
DeviceName: Onboard - Video
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 157
Region 0: Memory at a3000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Region 2: Memory at 80000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Region 4: I/O ports at 5000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Thermal Controller (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH Thermal Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
Region 0: Memory at a5423000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: intel_pch_thermal
Kernel modules: intel_pch_thermal
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller (rev 10) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 125
Region 0: Memory at a5400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Region 0: Memory at a541a000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=8K]
Region 2: Memory at a5422000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless-AC 9560 [Jefferson Peak] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Ethernet
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wireless-AC 9560 [Jefferson Peak]
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
Region 0: Memory at a5414000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
Kernel modules: iwlwifi
00:15.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
Region 0: Memory at a2100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [virtual] [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:15.2 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #2 (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 18
Region 0: Memory at a2101000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [virtual] [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH HECI Controller (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH HECI Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 142
Region 0: Memory at a541f000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake Mobile PCH SATA AHCI Controller (rev 10) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
DeviceName: Onboard - SATA
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake Mobile PCH SATA AHCI Controller
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 128
Region 0: Memory at a5418000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Region 1: Memory at a541e000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
Region 2: I/O ports at 5090 [size=8]
Region 3: I/O ports at 5080 [size=4]
Region 4: I/O ports at 5060 [size=32]
Region 5: Memory at a541d000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f0) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 123
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: [disabled]
Memory behind bridge: a5300000-a53fffff [size=1M]
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: [disabled]
Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR-
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- VGA16+ MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.6 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #15 (rev f0) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 124
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00003000-00003fff [size=4K]
Memory behind bridge: a5200000-a52fffff [size=1M]
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: [disabled]
Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR-
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- VGA16+ MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM470 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 1272
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH cAVS (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Sound
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH cAVS
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 32, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 159
Region 0: Memory at a5410000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Region 4: Memory at a5100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_sof_pci
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SMBus Controller (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH SMBus Controller
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
Region 0: Memory at a541c000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
Region 4: I/O ports at efa0 [size=32]
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SPI Controller (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Cannon Lake PCH SPI Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Region 0: Memory at fe010000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU106M [GeForce RTX 2060 Mobile] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] TU106M [GeForce RTX 2060 Mobile]
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 165
Region 0: Memory at a4000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Region 1: Memory at 90000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Region 3: Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
Region 5: I/O ports at 4000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at a5000000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation TU106 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] TU106 High Definition Audio Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 17
Region 0: Memory at a5080000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
01:00.2 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU106 USB 3.1 Host Controller (rev a1) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] TU106 USB 3.1 Host Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 126
Region 0: Memory at a2000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256K]
Region 3: Memory at a2040000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
01:00.3 Serial bus controller [0c80]: NVIDIA Corporation TU106 USB Type-C UCSI Controller (rev a1)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] TU106 USB Type-C UCSI Controller
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin D routed to IRQ 127
Region 0: Memory at a5084000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nvidia-gpu
Kernel modules: i2c_nvidia_gpu
02:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Sandisk Corp WD Black 2018/PC SN520 NVMe SSD (rev 01) (prog-if 02 [NVM Express])
Subsystem: Sandisk Corp WD Black 2018/PC SN520 NVMe SSD
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
NUMA node: 0
Region 0: Memory at a5300000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nvme
Kernel modules: nvme
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 10)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet Controller
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18
Region 0: Memory at a5200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K]
Region 2: I/O ports at 3000 [size=128]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: alx
Kernel modules: alx
答案1
我仍然不相信你做了正确的事。首先，你的硬件很酷！
如果您在配备两块显卡的笔记本电脑上安装 NVIDIA 驱动程序，请确保只有一个显卡。某些笔记本电脑（如 ThinkPad）在 BIOS 中有一个选项，可以只启用其中一块显卡。您的英特尔驱动程序可能没有在目录 /etc/modconf.d 中被列入“黑名单”。
当我安装 NVIDIA 显卡时，我使用 ubuntu 提供的硬件应用程序：“软件和更新”。有一个名为“附加驱动程序”的选项卡，选择推荐的 NVIDIA 驱动程序。该过程负责处理 modconf.d 数据。
我的建议（我假设您使用了外部 nvidia 驱动程序，因为您写道）：
...从运行文件安装中安装 Nvidia 440 驱动程序
- 删除使用“runfile”安装安装的驱动程序
- 重启
- 如果可能的话，在 bios 中设置专用的 nvidia 卡
- 通过 Ubuntu“附加驱动程序”应用程序安装驱动程序
告诉我们是否有效
答案2
对我有用的是，在 NVIDIA 服务器应用程序中，我选择了英特尔内置 GPU 的主要配置文件并重新启动。