我有一台带有英特尔集成显卡（Ivybridge）的 Ubuntu 18.04 台式机。当我启动系统时，登录屏幕和默认的 Ubuntu 会话显示严重扭曲的图形和颜色，使其几乎无法使用。图片附在下面。
但是，我在这个系统中还安装了 gnome flashback (metacity) 和 xfce4 桌面，当我登录这些会话时，除了少数应用程序（google-chrome、skype 等，虽然我没有检查所有应用程序）外，似乎没有出现如此严重的失真。到目前为止，nautilus 和其他应用程序在这些桌面上运行顺畅，没有任何故障。有没有办法解决 Ubuntu 会话和登录屏幕的问题？我尝试了下面链接中提到的几个解决方案，但都没有成功 -
系统信息：
$uname -a
Linux scorpio 5.3.0-62-generic #56~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 24 16:17:03 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$lsb_release -a
LSB Version: core-9.20170808ubuntu1-noarch:printing-9.20170808ubuntu1-noarch:security-9.20170808ubuntu1-noarch
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Release: 18.04
Codename: bionic
以下是输出glxinfo -B
name of display: :1.0
display: :1 screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
Vendor: Intel Open Source Technology Center (0x8086)
Device: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Desktop (0x152)
Version: 19.2.8
Accelerated: yes
Video memory: 1536MB
Unified memory: yes
Preferred profile: core (0x1)
Max core profile version: 4.2
Max compat profile version: 3.0
Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Desktop
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.2 (Core Profile) Mesa 19.2.8
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.20
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 19.2.8
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 19.2.8
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00
以及输出英希-G
Graphics: Card: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
Display Server: x11 (X.Org 1.20.8 ) drivers: fbdev (unloaded: modesetting,vesa)
Resolution: [email protected]
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Ivybridge Desktop version: 4.2 Mesa 19.2.8
还lshw-c 视频给出
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 09
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:28 memory:f7800000-f7bfffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
输出猫/var/log/gpu-manager.log
log_file: /var/log/gpu-manager.log
last_boot_file: /var/lib/ubuntu-drivers-common/last_gfx_boot
new_boot_file: /var/lib/ubuntu-drivers-common/last_gfx_boot
can't access /run/u-d-c-nvidia-was-loaded file
can't access /opt/amdgpu-pro/bin/amdgpu-pro-px
Looking for nvidia modules in /lib/modules/5.3.0-62-generic/updates/dkms
Looking for amdgpu modules in /lib/modules/5.3.0-62-generic/updates/dkms
Is nvidia loaded? no
Was nvidia unloaded? no
Is nvidia blacklisted? no
Is intel loaded? yes
Is radeon loaded? no
Is radeon blacklisted? no
Is amdgpu loaded? no
Is amdgpu blacklisted? no
Is amdgpu versioned? no
Is amdgpu pro stack? no
Is nouveau loaded? no
Is nouveau blacklisted? no
Is nvidia kernel module available? no
Is amdgpu kernel module available? no
Vendor/Device Id: 8086:152
BusID "PCI:0@0:2:0"
Is boot vga? yes
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "i915"
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "i915"
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "i915"
Found "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "i915"
output 0:
card0-VGA-1
Number of connected outputs for /dev/dri/card0: 1
Does it require offloading? yes
last cards number = 1
Has amd? no
Has intel? yes
Has nvidia? no
How many cards? 1
Has the system changed? No
Single card detected
Nothing to do
我是这个论坛的新手。如果能帮我解决这个困扰我很久的问题，我将不胜感激。
非常感谢。
答案1
看起来像是 Mesa 的问题。
第一次尝试Ubuntu-X Mesa PPA以获取更新的驱动程序。Kisak 的 Mesa PPA更为新颖，但可能稍微不稳定
然后尝试通过在 /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ 中添加新条目在 AccelMethod“glamor”、“uxa”和“sna”之间切换
例如我的 /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf 说：
Section "Device"
Identifier "Intel Graphics"
Driver "intel"
Option "AccelMethod" "sna"
Option "TearFree" "true"
Option "DRI" "3"
EndSection
尝试将 DRI 降级为 2，然后尝试 glamor 与 uxa 与 sna。（注意：我将 TearFree 设置为 true，因为否则 xfce 会出现严重的撕裂，但这是个人喜好）
如果失败，请尝试查看实时 USB 是否也存在此问题（以排除系统上的错误安装）。
检查该问题是否也发生在 Windows 上...可能是硬件有问题。
如果问题在 Linux 上仍然存在，但在 Windows 上不存在，请咨询Mesa 的错误追踪器那里有才华横溢的人可能能够更好地帮助您。他们可能会询问您提供的信息以及您的 Xorg 日志（位于 /var/log/Xorg.0.log）和您的 syslog（/var/log/syslog）