我是 Ubuntu 新手，刚刚从 Windows 迁移到 Ubuntu。我在 Ubuntu/Kubuntu 中遇到了非常奇怪的随机频繁冻结。我使用的是 16GB 内存和 8GB 交换空间。我怀疑是我的 RAM 或图形内存导致了这个问题。我在 Windows 中从未遇到过这个问题。我用 memtest 测试了内存问题，结果正常。没有问题。
My Graphics card information is this
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Caicos [Radeon HD 6450/7450/8450 / R5 230 OEM]
name of display: :0
display: :0 screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
Vendor: X.Org (0x1002)
Device: AMD CAICOS (DRM 2.50.0 / 5.4.0-42-generic, LLVM 10.0.0) (0x6779)
Version: 20.0.8
Accelerated: yes
Video memory: 2048MB
Unified memory: no
Preferred profile: core (0x1)
Max core profile version: 3.3
Max compat profile version: 3.1
Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.1
Memory info (GL_ATI_meminfo):
VBO free memory - total: 2047 MB, largest block: 2047 MB
VBO free aux. memory - total: 1021 MB, largest block: 1021 MB
Texture free memory - total: 2047 MB, largest block: 2047 MB
Texture free aux. memory - total: 1021 MB, largest block: 1021 MB
Renderbuffer free memory - total: 2047 MB, largest block: 2047 MB
Renderbuffer free aux. memory - total: 1021 MB, largest block: 1021 MB
Memory info (GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info):
Dedicated video memory: 2048 MB
Total available memory: 3069 MB
Currently available dedicated video memory: 2047 MB
OpenGL vendor string: X.Org
OpenGL renderer string: AMD CAICOS (DRM 2.50.0 / 5.4.0-42-generic, LLVM 10.0.0)
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 20.0.8
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL version string: 3.1 Mesa 20.0.8
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.40
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.1 Mesa 20.0.8
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.10
我也尝试使用ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers资源来检查这是否是由于没有专有驱动程序造成的故障，但仍然出现了随机冻结。
我经常遇到这种频繁冻结的情况，主要是在系统从睡眠状态恢复时。在睡眠模式后连续唤醒 2-5 次后，系统开始冻结并抛出类似这样的错误。这是最近一次冻结的崩溃日志。
Jul 30 22:57:46 user-System kernel: [53089.863335] [TTM] Erroneous page count. Leaking pages.
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960183] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960188] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960189] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960191] PGD 8000000414729067 P4D 8000000414729067 PUD 0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960195] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960198] CPU: 0 PID: 147 Comm: kswapd0 Not tainted 5.4.0-42-generic #46-Ubuntu
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960200] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8H77-V LE, BIOS 1307 03/17/2014
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960207] RIP: 0010:__cpa_process_fault+0xf1/0x640
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960209] Code: 1c b8 00 00 00 80 41 bc f2 ff ff ff 48 8d 84 01 00 00 a0 a5 48 c1 e8 0c 48 39 c2 73 a3 48 8b 03 4c 89 fe 48 c7 c7 d0 94 d5 a6 <48> 8b 10 e8 42 e9 01 00 0f 0b 41 bc f2 ff ff ff eb 84 48 89 f2 4c
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960211] RSP: 0000:ffffb7e7c01c78e0 EFLAGS: 00010283
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960212] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffb7e7c01c7ab0 RCX: 000000023a800000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960214] RDX: 00000000001847e6 RSI: fff0ea1e9e1d1000 RDI: ffffffffa6d594d0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960215] RBP: ffffb7e7c01c7948 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00000000001847e6
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960217] R10: 00000001847e6000 R11: ffffffffffffffff R12: 00000000fffffff2
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960219] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffffb7e7c01c7ab0 R15: fff0ea1e9e1d1000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960221] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffa0209f800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960222] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960224] CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000002c16e2004 CR4: 00000000000606f0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960225] Call Trace:
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960230] __change_page_attr+0x62c/0x730
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960234] ? smp_call_function_many+0x1e0/0x270
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960236] __change_page_attr_set_clr+0x66/0x290
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960239] change_page_attr_set_clr+0x14d/0x200
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960242] set_pages_array_wb+0x2b/0x80
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960249] ttm_pages_put+0x74/0x80 [ttm]
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960254] ttm_page_pool_free+0x159/0x1b0 [ttm]
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960259] ttm_pool_shrink_scan+0xce/0x110 [ttm]
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960263] do_shrink_slab+0x150/0x2a0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960265] shrink_slab+0xac/0x2a0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960267] shrink_node+0xd3/0x400
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960269] balance_pgdat+0x319/0x590
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960271] kswapd+0x1ff/0x3c0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960274] ? wait_woken+0x80/0x80
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960277] kthread+0x104/0x140
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960278] ? balance_pgdat+0x590/0x590
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960280] ? kthread_park+0x90/0x90
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960283] ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960285] Modules linked in: xt_MASQUERADE nfnetlink xfrm_user xfrm_algo iptable_nat nf_nat rfcomm overlay aufs cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep nls_iso8859_1 intel_rapl_msr mei_hdcp intel_rapl_common x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp snd_usb_audio snd_usbmidi_lib kvm snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio intel_cstate intel_rapl_perf snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core snd_hwdep snd_pcm gspca_sonixj gspca_main videobuf2_vmalloc btusb videobuf2_memops btrtl snd_seq_midi videobuf2_v4l2 snd_seq_midi_event videobuf2_common iwlmvm btbcm videodev btintel mac80211 mc eeepc_wmi snd_rawmidi asus_wmi bluetooth wmi_bmof sparse_keymap libarc4 joydev input_leds snd_seq ecdh_generic snd_seq_device ecc iwlwifi snd_timer cfg80211 snd mei_me soundcore mei mac_hid nf_log_ipv6 ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6 xt_hl ip6t_rt nf_log_ipv4 nf_log_common ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_LOG xt_limit xt_addrtype xt_tcpudp xt_conntrack
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960318] nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 libcrc32c sch_fq_codel br_netfilter ip6table_filter ip6_tables bridge stp llc iptable_filter arp_tables parport_pc bpfilter ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_logitech_hidpp hid_logitech_dj hid_generic usbhid hid crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul i915 radeon ghash_clmulni_intel ttm i2c_algo_bit uas drm_kms_helper syscopyarea cryptd usb_storage i2c_i801 lpc_ich sysfillrect r8169 sysimgblt fb_sys_fops pata_acpi realtek drm wmi video
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960340] CR2: 0000000000000000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960342] ---[ end trace 0320813814827cec ]---
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960345] RIP: 0010:__cpa_process_fault+0xf1/0x640
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960347] Code: 1c b8 00 00 00 80 41 bc f2 ff ff ff 48 8d 84 01 00 00 a0 a5 48 c1 e8 0c 48 39 c2 73 a3 48 8b 03 4c 89 fe 48 c7 c7 d0 94 d5 a6 <48> 8b 10 e8 42 e9 01 00 0f 0b 41 bc f2 ff ff ff eb 84 48 89 f2 4c
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960349] RSP: 0000:ffffb7e7c01c78e0 EFLAGS: 00010283
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960350] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffb7e7c01c7ab0 RCX: 000000023a800000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960351] RDX: 00000000001847e6 RSI: fff0ea1e9e1d1000 RDI: ffffffffa6d594d0
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960352] RBP: ffffb7e7c01c7948 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00000000001847e6
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960354] R10: 00000001847e6000 R11: ffffffffffffffff R12: 00000000fffffff2
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960355] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffffb7e7c01c7ab0 R15: fff0ea1e9e1d1000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960356] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffa0209f800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960358] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Jul 30 22:57:50 user-System kernel: [53093.960359] CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000002c16e2004 CR4: 00000000000606f0
这是内核先前冻结崩溃日志：
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323658] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#2 stuck for 22s! [dolphin:147382]
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323661] Modules linked in: nf_conntrack_netlink usblp xt_nat veth xt_MASQUERADE nfnetlink xfrm_user xfrm_algo iptable_nat nf_nat rfcomm overlay aufs cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep nls_iso8859_1 intel_rapl_msr mei_hdcp snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_usb_audio snd_hda_codec intel_rapl_common snd_hda_core snd_usbmidi_lib x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp snd_hwdep coretemp snd_pcm kvm snd_seq_midi eeepc_wmi gspca_sonixj snd_seq_midi_event iwlmvm intel_cstate gspca_main asus_wmi intel_rapl_perf btusb mac80211 wmi_bmof snd_rawmidi sparse_keymap videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_v4l2 btrtl snd_seq libarc4 videobuf2_common btbcm btintel videodev joydev input_leds mc snd_seq_device bluetooth iwlwifi snd_timer cfg80211 snd ecdh_generic ecc mei_me soundcore mei mac_hid nf_log_ipv6 ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6 xt_hl ip6t_rt nf_log_ipv4 nf_log_common ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_LOG xt_limit
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323686] xt_addrtype sch_fq_codel xt_tcpudp xt_conntrack nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 libcrc32c ip6table_filter br_netfilter ip6_tables bridge iptable_filter stp llc arp_tables parport_pc bpfilter ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_logitech_hidpp hid_logitech_dj hid_generic usbhid hid i915 radeon crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ttm ghash_clmulni_intel cryptd i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper uas syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops usb_storage lpc_ich pata_acpi i2c_i801 r8169 drm realtek wmi video
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323705] CPU: 2 PID: 147382 Comm: dolphin Tainted: G D 5.4.0-42-generic #46-Ubuntu
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323706] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8H77-V LE, BIOS 1307 03/17/2014
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323710] RIP: 0010:native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x60/0x1d0
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323712] Code: 6e f0 0f ba 2f 08 0f 92 c0 0f b6 c0 c1 e0 08 89 c2 8b 07 30 e4 09 d0 a9 00 01 ff ff 75 48 85 c0 74 0e 8b 07 84 c0 74 08 f3 90 <8b> 07 84 c0 75 f8 b8 01 00 00 00 5d 66 89 07 c3 8b 37 81 fe 00 01
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323713] RSP: 0018:ffffa7664b67bb78 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffff13
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323715] RAX: 0000000000000101 RBX: ffffa7664b67bc60 RCX: 0000000000000000
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323716] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8d37e608
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323717] RBP: ffffa7664b67bb78 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff8ba77600
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323718] R10: ffffa7664b67bcf0 R11: 0000000000000002 R12: 0000000000000001
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323718] R13: ffffffff8d37e608 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000001
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323720] FS: 00007f0f2438f4c0(0000) GS:ffff969b9f900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323721] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323722] CR2: 00007f0f2202a310 CR3: 00000001f16b4001 CR4: 00000000000606e0
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323723] Call Trace:
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323727] _raw_spin_lock+0x1e/0x30
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323729] __change_page_attr_set_clr+0x5b/0x290
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323732] ? _vm_unmap_aliases+0x117/0x130
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323733] change_page_attr_set_clr+0x14d/0x200
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323736] set_memory_ro+0x29/0x30
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323739] bpf_int_jit_compile+0x2cc/0x333
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323741] bpf_prog_select_runtime+0xa7/0x130
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323744] bpf_prepare_filter+0x44c/0x4b0
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323745] __get_filter+0xba/0x110
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323747] sk_attach_filter+0x19/0x60
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323749] ? _copy_from_user+0x3e/0x60
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323750] sock_setsockopt+0x949/0xce0
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323753] __sys_setsockopt+0x160/0x180
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323755] __x64_sys_setsockopt+0x25/0x30
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323757] do_syscall_64+0x57/0x190
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323759] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323761] RIP: 0033:0x7f0f2754d71e
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323762] Code: d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb bb 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 49 89 ca b8 36 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 42 77 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323763] RSP: 002b:00007fff74266018 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000036
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323765] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fff74266080 RCX: 00007f0f2754d71e
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323765] RDX: 000000000000001a RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000010
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323766] RBP: 000000000000001b R08: 0000000000000010 R09: 00000000ffffffff
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323767] R10: 00007fff74266070 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000000000000001d
Jul 24 21:02:47 user-System kernel: [64867.323768] R13: 00007fff74266050 R14: 00007fff74266160 R15: 00007fff74266158
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716427] ------------[ cut here ]------------
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716431] NETDEV WATCHDOG: enp3s0 (r8169): transmit queue 0 timed out
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716445] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 0 at net/sched/sch_generic.c:447 dev_watchdog+0x258/0x260
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716446] Modules linked in: nf_conntrack_netlink usblp xt_nat veth xt_MASQUERADE nfnetlink xfrm_user xfrm_algo iptable_nat nf_nat rfcomm overlay aufs cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep nls_iso8859_1 intel_rapl_msr mei_hdcp snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_usb_audio snd_hda_codec intel_rapl_common snd_hda_core snd_usbmidi_lib x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp snd_hwdep coretemp snd_pcm kvm snd_seq_midi eeepc_wmi gspca_sonixj snd_seq_midi_event iwlmvm intel_cstate gspca_main asus_wmi intel_rapl_perf btusb mac80211 wmi_bmof snd_rawmidi sparse_keymap videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_v4l2 btrtl snd_seq libarc4 videobuf2_common btbcm btintel videodev joydev input_leds mc snd_seq_device bluetooth iwlwifi snd_timer cfg80211 snd ecdh_generic ecc mei_me soundcore mei mac_hid nf_log_ipv6 ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6 xt_hl ip6t_rt nf_log_ipv4 nf_log_common ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_LOG xt_limit
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716471] xt_addrtype sch_fq_codel xt_tcpudp xt_conntrack nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 libcrc32c ip6table_filter br_netfilter ip6_tables bridge iptable_filter stp llc arp_tables parport_pc bpfilter ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_logitech_hidpp hid_logitech_dj hid_generic usbhid hid i915 radeon crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ttm ghash_clmulni_intel cryptd i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper uas syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops usb_storage lpc_ich pata_acpi i2c_i801 r8169 drm realtek wmi video
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716490] CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Tainted: G D L 5.4.0-42-generic #46-Ubuntu
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716491] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8H77-V LE, BIOS 1307 03/17/2014
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716492] RIP: 0010:dev_watchdog+0x258/0x260
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716494] Code: 85 c0 75 e5 eb 9f 4c 89 ff c6 05 1f f5 e7 00 01 e8 8d bb fa ff 44 89 e9 4c 89 fe 48 c7 c7 e8 7d c3 8c 48 89 c2 e8 83 2f 71 ff <0f> 0b eb 80 0f 1f 40 00 66 66 66 66 90 55 48 89 e5 41 57 49 89 d7
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716495] RSP: 0018:ffffa766400d8e30 EFLAGS: 00010286
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716496] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff969b9c280600 RCX: 0000000000000006
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716497] RDX: 0000000000000007 RSI: 0000000000000096 RDI: ffff969b9f8978c0
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716498] RBP: ffffa766400d8e60 R08: 000000000000fcfe R09: ffffffff8d3aef7c
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716499] R10: ffffffff8d3941a8 R11: ffffa766400d8c98 R12: 0000000000000001
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716500] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff969b9d2b2480 R15: ffff969b9d2b2000
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716501] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff969b9f880000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716502] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716503] CR2: 00007f75ddd844f8 CR3: 0000000179e0a006 CR4: 00000000000606e0
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716504] Call Trace:
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716506] <IRQ>
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716509] ? pfifo_fast_enqueue+0x150/0x150
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716512] call_timer_fn+0x32/0x130
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716514] __run_timers.part.0+0x180/0x280
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716515] ? enqueue_hrtimer+0x3d/0x90
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716518] ? recalibrate_cpu_khz+0x10/0x10
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716520] ? ktime_get+0x3e/0xa0
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716522] run_timer_softirq+0x2a/0x50
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716524] __do_softirq+0xe1/0x2d6
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716525] ? hrtimer_interrupt+0x13b/0x220
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716527] irq_exit+0xae/0xb0
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716529] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x7b/0x140
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716531] apic_timer_interrupt+0xf/0x20
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716532] </IRQ>
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716534] RIP: 0010:cpuidle_enter_state+0xc2/0x450
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716536] Code: 66 90 31 ff e8 bf 08 81 ff 80 7d c7 00 74 17 9c 58 66 66 90 66 90 f6 c4 02 0f 85 65 03 00 00 31 ff e8 12 6c 87 ff fb 66 66 90 <66> 66 90 45 85 ed 0f 88 8f 02 00 00 49 63 cd 4c 8b 7d d0 4c 2b 7d
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716537] RSP: 0018:ffffa7664008be38 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffff13
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716538] RAX: ffff969b9f8aad00 RBX: ffffffff8cf59c00 RCX: 000000000000001f
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716539] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000026c9b3f7 RDI: 0000000000000000
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716540] RBP: ffffa7664008be78 R08: 00003aff6ccc9df3 R09: 0000000000000001
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716541] R10: ffff969b9f8a9a00 R11: ffff969b9f8a99e0 R12: ffff969b9f8b5300
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716542] R13: 0000000000000004 R14: 0000000000000004 R15: ffff969b9f8b5300
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716544] ? cpuidle_enter_state+0xa1/0x450
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716545] cpuidle_enter+0x2e/0x40
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716547] call_cpuidle+0x23/0x40
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716548] do_idle+0x1dd/0x270
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716550] cpu_startup_entry+0x20/0x30
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716552] start_secondary+0x167/0x1c0
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716554] secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0
Jul 24 21:02:48 user-System kernel: [64868.716556] ---[ end trace 4fdb3e94db13f1e8 ]---
Jul 24 21:02:50 user-System kernel: [64870.981570] GpuWatchdog[2662]: segfault at 0 ip 000055ca74a5f52c sp 00007f049386b310 error 6 in brave[55ca6f932000+8397000]
Jul 24 21:02:50 user-System kernel: [64870.981579] Code: 89 de e8 f7 a1 0a ff 80 7d c7 00 79 09 48 8b 7d b0 e8 08 24 64 fe 41 8b 84 24 e0 00 00 00 89 45 b0 48 8d 7d b0 e8 94 3c 5a fb <c7> 04 25 00 00 00 00 37 13 00 00 48 83 c4 48 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e
lshw-C 内存
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
physical id: 0
version: 1307
date: 03/17/2014
size: 64KiB
capacity: 8MiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 5
slot: L1-Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 6
slot: L2-Cache
size: 512KiB
capacity: 512KiB
capabilities: internal varies unified
configuration: level=2
*-cache:2 DISABLED
description: L3 cache
physical id: 7
slot: L3-Cache
size: 3MiB
capacity: 3MiB
capabilities: internal unified
configuration: level=3
*-memory
description: System memory
physical id: 1
size: 16GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: HMT351U6CFR8C-PB
vendor: Hynix/Hyundai
physical id: 0
serial: 1E8E8310
slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: HMT351U6CFR8C-PB
vendor: Hynix/Hyundai
physical id: 1
serial: 1E5E832A
slot: ChannelA-DIMM1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: HMT351U6CFR8C-PB
vendor: Hynix/Hyundai
physical id: 2
serial: 1E3E8327
slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: HMT351U6CFR8C-PB
vendor: Hynix/Hyundai
physical id: 3
serial: 1E6E8312
slot: ChannelB-DIMM1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
○ → 免费 -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 15Gi 6.4Gi 797Mi 541Mi 8.3Gi 8.2Gi
Swap: 8.0Gi 9.0Mi 8.0Gi
○ → sysctl vm.swappiness
vm.swappiness = 25
○ → grep -i swap /etc/fstab
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
这些问题和错误日志是否意味着 Linux 很难管理内存映射或在恢复后清除已使用的 RAM 内存，或者我是否遇到了某种内存泄漏？如果有人能指出解决此问题的正确方向，我将不胜感激。提前致谢。
答案1
BIOS
您的 BIOS 当前版本为 1307。
L3 缓存
关于：我怀疑我的 RAM 或图形内存是罪魁祸首。
sudo lshw -C memory显示 L3 Cache 已禁用。这是不对的。您的主板硬件可能有问题。
*-cache:2 DISABLED
description: L3 cache
physical id: 7
slot: L3-Cache
size: 3MiB
capacity: 3MiB
capabilities: internal unified
configuration: level=3
尝试启动到 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB，执行sudo lshw -C memory，并注意是否看到相同的内容。
MDS 错误
MDS CPU bug present and SMT on, data leak possible. See
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.html
for more details.
内核命令行上的缓解控制
内核命令行允许使用选项“mds=”在启动时控制 MDS 缓解措施。此选项的有效参数为：
full
如果 CPU 存在漏洞，请启用所有可用的 MDS 漏洞缓解措施，在退出用户空间和进入虚拟机时清除 CPU 缓冲区。如果启用了 SMT，空闲转换也会受到保护。
它不会自动禁用 SMT。
full,nosmt
与 mds=full 相同，在易受攻击的 CPU 上禁用 SMT。这是完整的缓解措施。
off
完全禁用 MDS 缓解措施。
sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub
改变：
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
到：
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash mds=full,nosmt"
保存文件并退出gedit。
sudo update-grub
reboot
注意：请理解，在多 CPU 或多核配置下，性能会受到巨大影响。
注意：如果性能下降太大，请mds=full尝试mds=full,nosmt。