我之前在几台机器上安装过 Ubuntu，从来没有遇到过这个问题。我在旧的 Dell Inspiron 3452 笔记本电脑上安装了 20.04。安装很顺利，但我无法让视频正常工作。以下是我遇到的情况：
- 无参数启动
nomodeset：启动时屏幕变黑，不显示任何内容。Dell 启动画面和 GRUB 菜单的分辨率正确。 - 使用
nomodeset参数启动：它正确启动，但分辨率卡在 1366x768，插入其他显示器时没有响应。这是（我相信）此情况下的预期行为。Dell 启动画面和 GRUB 菜单的分辨率正确。 - 不使用参数启动
nomodeset，并通过 HDMI 插入外接显示器：似乎可以正确启动，显示器也能正确识别。但是，戴尔启动画面和 GRUB 菜单的分辨率较低。 - 使用
nomodeset参数启动并且通过 HDMI 插入外部显示器：它可以正确启动，但分辨率卡在 1024x768，并且在插入其他显示器时没有响应。戴尔启动画面和 GRUB 菜单的分辨率较低。
lspci -k以下是场景 2的输出：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series SoC Transaction Register (rev 35)
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series SoC Transaction Register
Kernel driver in use: iosf_mbi_pci
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 35)
DeviceName: Onboard IGD
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Integrated Graphics Controller
Kernel modules: i915
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series USB xHCI Controller (rev 35)
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series USB xHCI Controller
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
Kernel modules: xhci_pci
00:1a.0 Encryption controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Trusted Execution Engine (rev 35)
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series Trusted Execution Engine
Kernel driver in use: mei_txe
Kernel modules: mei_txe
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series High Definition Audio Controller (rev 35)
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series High Definition Audio Controller
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series PCI Express Port #1 (rev 35)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series PCU (rev 35)
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Series PCU
Kernel driver in use: lpc_ich
Kernel modules: lpc_ich
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx SMBus Controller (rev 35)
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx SMBus Controller
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
01:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Dell Wireless 1801
Kernel driver in use: rtl8723be
Kernel modules: rtl8723be
如果我在场景 3 中运行相同的命令，那么我会得到一个额外的行（带有星号的行）：
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 35)
DeviceName: Onboard IGD
Subsystem: Dell Atom/Celeron/Pentium Processor x5-E8000/J3xxx/N3xxx Integrated Graphics Controller
**Kernel driver in use: i915**
Kernel modules: i915
这似乎表明 i915 驱动程序配置不正确。
有人知道我该如何修复这个问题，让它在没有插入第二个显示器的情况下正确启动，但不能通过使用nomodeset它来识别外部显示器（如果有的话）？提前谢谢了。