感谢您阅读本文。我最近在这台电脑上安装了 Xubuntu。电脑背面的普通扬声器输出工作正常，但电脑正面的两个耳机插孔根本不起作用（声音只是继续从扬声器中播放，扬声器继续连接到电脑背面的音频输出）。
在 Xubuntu 附带的音量控制应用中，我转到“输出设备”选项卡，并在显示的三个“端口”之间切换：扬声器（不可用）、耳机（未插入）和线路输出（插入）。请注意，扬声器实际上已插入，耳机也是如此（这些耳机位于计算机正面的耳机插孔中）。更改“端口”没有任何效果；无论哪种设置，声音都会继续从扬声器中播放。
我运行了 sudo lshw 并得到了这个：
mattsff
description: Low Profile Desktop Computer
product: HP Compaq 6000 Pro SFF PC (NV469UT#ABA)
vendor: Hewlett-Packard
serial: MXL0341M7N
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 smp vsyscall32
configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=low-profile family=103C_53307F power-on_password=disabled sku=NV469UT#ABA uuid=FF404B3E-0759-DF11-BBDA-64061C7FD485
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: 3048h
vendor: Hewlett-Packard
physical id: 0
serial: MXL0341M7N
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: Hewlett-Packard
physical id: 1
version: 786G2 v01.09
date: 08/25/2009
size: 128KiB
capacity: 4MiB
capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification netboot
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E7600 @ 3.06GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 5
bus info: cpu@0
version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E7600 @ 3.06GHz
slot: XU1 PROCESSOR
size: 2762MHz
capacity: 3066MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 1066MHz
capabilities: lm fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm pti dtherm cpufreq
configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=2
*-cache:0 DISABLED
description: L1 cache
physical id: 6
slot: L1 Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: burst internal write-back data
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 7
slot: L2 Cache
size: 3MiB
capacity: 3MiB
capabilities: burst internal write-back unified
configuration: level=2
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 38
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 8GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: M378B5673FH0-CH9
vendor: JEDEC ID:80 CE
physical id: 0
serial: EC196563
slot: XMM1
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: M378B5673FH0-CH9
vendor: JEDEC ID:80 CE
physical id: 1
serial: EF681C78
slot: XMM2
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: M378B5673FH0-CH9
vendor: JEDEC ID:80 CE
physical id: 2
serial: 188CE397
slot: XMM3
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
product: M378B5673FH0-CH9
vendor: JEDEC ID:80 CE
physical id: 3
serial: 38C97563
slot: XMM4
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
*-flash UNCLAIMED
description: Flash Memory
physical id: 39
slot: System board or motherboard
capacity: 4MiB
*-bank UNCLAIMED
description: Chip FLASH Non-volatile
physical id: 0
slot: SYSTEM ROM
size: 4MiB
width: 2 bits
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: 4 Series Chipset DRAM Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-display:0
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 03
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f0000000-f03fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:1230(size=8) memory:c0000-dffff
*-display:1 UNCLAIMED
description: Display controller
product: 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1
version: 03
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f0400000-f04fffff
*-communication:0
description: Communication controller
product: 4 Series Chipset HECI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 3
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0
version: 03
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=mei_me latency=0
resources: irq:30 memory:f0527100-f052710f
*-ide
description: IDE interface
product: 4 Series Chipset PT IDER Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 3.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.2
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ide pm msi pci_native_mode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ata_generic latency=0
resources: irq:18 ioport:1238(size=8) ioport:1260(size=4) ioport:1240(size=8) ioport:1264(size=4) ioport:1220(size=16)
*-communication:1
description: Serial controller
product: 4 Series Chipset Serial KT Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 3.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.3
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm msi 16550 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=serial latency=0
resources: irq:17 ioport:1248(size=8) memory:f0524000-f0524fff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: 82567LM-3 Gigabit Network Connection
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 19
bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0
logical name: enp0s25
version: 02
serial: d4:85:64:06:1c:7f
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k firmware=0.5-3 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair
resources: irq:33 memory:f0500000-f051ffff memory:f0525000-f0525fff ioport:1100(size=32)
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:20 ioport:1120(size=32)
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@3
logical name: usb3
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb
description: Keyboard
product: Microsoft Ergonomic Keyboard
vendor: Microsoft
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@3:1
version: 1.00
serial: 604827101621
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=2Mbit/s
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:21 ioport:1140(size=32)
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4
logical name: usb4
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.2
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:22 ioport:1160(size=32)
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@5
logical name: usb5
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:3
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.7
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:22 memory:f0526800-f0526bff
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1
logical name: usb1
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=6 speed=480Mbit/s
*-usb
description: Generic USB device
product: Displaylink USB3.0 Display
vendor: DisplayLink
physical id: 6
bus info: usb@1:6
version: 51.20
serial: CE01360103349
capabilities: usb-2.10
configuration: driver=usbfs maxpower=500mA speed=480Mbit/s
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) HD Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1b
bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
version: 02
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:32 memory:f0520000-f0523fff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Port 1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:28 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:f0600000-f06fffff ioport:f8000000(size=2097152)
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: RT2790 Wireless 802.11n 1T/2R PCIe
vendor: Ralink corp.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:20:00.0
logical name: wls1
version: 00
serial: 20:68:9d:37:ce:d6
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rt2800pci driverversion=5.8.0-48-generic firmware=0.40 ip=192.168.7.93 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
resources: irq:16 memory:f0600000-f060ffff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Port 2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:29 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:f8200000-f83fffff ioport:f8400000(size=2097152)
*-usb:4
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:20 ioport:1180(size=32)
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@6
logical name: usb6
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:5
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:21 ioport:11a0(size=32)
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@7
logical name: usb7
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb
description: Keyboard
product: 2.4G Keyboard Mouse
vendor: MOSART Semi.
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@7:1
version: 81.13
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:6
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:22 ioport:11c0(size=32)
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@8
logical name: usb8
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:7
description: USB controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:20 memory:f0526c00-f0526fff
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.8.0-48-generic ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@2
logical name: usb2
version: 5.08
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=6 speed=480Mbit/s
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: 82801 PCI Bridge
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1e
bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0
version: a2
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: 82801JD (ICH10D) LPC Interface Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-sata
description: SATA controller
product: 82801JD/DO (ICH10 Family) SATA AHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: sata msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:31 ioport:1250(size=8) ioport:1268(size=4) ioport:1258(size=8) ioport:126c(size=4) ioport:11e0(size=32) memory:f0526000-f05267ff
*-pnp00:00
product: PnP device PNP0b00
physical id: 0
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=rtc_cmos
*-pnp00:01
product: PnP device PNP0f13
physical id: 2
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=i8042 aux
*-pnp00:02
product: PnP device PNP0303
physical id: 3
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=i8042 kbd
*-pnp00:03
product: PnP device PNP0401
physical id: 4
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=parport_pc
*-pnp00:04
product: PnP device PNP0501
physical id: 6
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=serial
*-pnp00:05
product: PnP device IFX0102
physical id: 7
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=tpm_tis
*-pnp00:06
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 8
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:07
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 9
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:08
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: a
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:09
product: PnP device PNP0c01
physical id: b
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-scsi:0
physical id: c
logical name: scsi2
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: SPCC Solid State
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 9A0
serial: AA000000000000002154
size: 119GiB (128GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=a44f3d4f
*-volume:0 UNCLAIMED
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkfs.fat
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1
version: FAT32
serial: 18ce-4b2c
size: 510MiB
capacity: 512MiB
capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat
*-volume:1
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
size: 118GiB
capacity: 118GiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sda5
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: dce8e4d5-8909-47f4-899f-7da9d12f10b6
size: 118GiB
capacity: 118GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2021-04-02 18:58:22 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2021-04-05 10:12:46 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro mounted=2021-04-05 10:12:46 state=mounted
*-scsi:1
physical id: d
logical name: scsi3
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST3250318AS
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
version: HP35
serial: 9VY9CN14
size: 232GiB (250GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=ae94d2af
*-volume
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sdb2
size: 232GiB
capacity: 232GiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sdb5
version: 1.0
serial: 2964c006-14bf-479a-a853-cfa0948bc42f
size: 232GiB
capacity: 232GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2021-04-02 19:28:02 filesystem=ext4 modified=2021-04-02 20:09:13 mounted=2021-04-02 19:45:46 state=clean
*-scsi:2
physical id: e
logical name: scsi4
capabilities: emulated
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: DVD A DH16AAL
vendor: hp
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/cdrw
logical name: /dev/dvd
logical name: /dev/dvdrw
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: LHDJ
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
非常感谢您的帮助。谢谢！
PS 运行alsactl restore并没有解决问题。