我在 Raspberry pi 4 上安装了“Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS”，并且正在尝试配置 postfix 以使用依赖于发送方的中继主机。
Postfix 是 mail_version = 3.4.13 并且我有一个动态 IP。
该模式如下所示：
- 本地用户向 postfix （本地电子邮件服务器）发送电子邮件
- postfix 重写 FROM 地址
- 根据重写的 FROM 地址选择正确的中继主机
- 通过端口 587 将邮件提交到中继主机
对于第 1）点和第 2）点，我有一个文件sender_canonical创建：
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
对于第 3 点，我有一个文件中继图创建：
@gmx.de mail.gmx.net:587
@gmail.com smtp.gmail.com:587
对于第 4 点，我有一个文件pass_smarthost创建：
[email protected] [email protected]:UserA-GMX-Password
[email protected] [email protected]:UserB-Gmail-Password
我用这个测试了它：
echo "test" | sendmail -f ttm [email protected]
但目前我得到：
tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep --line-buffered "postfix\|relay\|generic"
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/pickup[24810]: 5CFF24028B: uid=0 from=<ttm>
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/cleanup[24830]: 5CFF24028B: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/qmgr[24811]: 5CFF24028B: from=<[email protected]>, size=256, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/smtp[24833]: connect to mx04.posteo.de[185.67.36.64]:25: Connection refused
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/smtp[24833]: connect to mx01.posteo.de[185.67.36.61]:25: Connection refused
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/smtp[24833]: connect to mx01.posteo.de[185.67.36.62]:25: Connection refused
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/smtp[24833]: connect to mx03.posteo.de[185.67.36.63]:25: Connection refused
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/smtp[24833]: connect to mx03.posteo.de[185.67.36.70]:25: Connection refused
Sep 7 18:28:29 ubuntu-RPI4 postfix/smtp[24833]: 5CFF24028B: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.51, delays=0.07/0.08/0.36/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to mx03.posteo.de[185.67.36.70]:25: Connection refused)
在我看来，postfix 似乎试图将电子邮件直接发送到端口 25 上的收件人服务器 - 而不是使用中继主机（此处为 gmx.de）。重写没有到达正确的地址 - 也许是圆圈？
我尝试在 master.cf 中添加“-v”选项来查看更多详细信息或了解正在发生的事情。
但我没有收到错误。我遗漏了什么？任何提示都会有帮助。
先感谢您。
主文件：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2
# TLS parameters
# smtpd
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/postfix/sslcert/mailserver20210902.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/postfix/sslcert/mailserver20210902.key
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_tls_security_level=may
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_sender_login_maps.cf
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated permit_mynetworks reject_unauth_destination reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = ttmsacer.homenet
mydomain = $myhostname
mydestination = localhost.homenet, localhost
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104, [::1]/128, 192.168.178.0/24
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
message_size_limit = 52768000
# disable virtual_mailbox_limit by setting it to 0:
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
inet_interfaces = 127.0.0.1, localhost, 192.168.178.20
inet_protocols = all
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps
local_transport = virtual
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 104
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_transport = lmtps:inet:localhost:24
# smarthost / smtp
smtp_tls_CApath=/etc/ssl/certs
smtp_tls_security_level=may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtp_tls_policy_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/tls_policy
smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_connection_cache_on_demand = no
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/pass_smarthost
sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relaymap
sender_canonical_classes = envelope_sender, header_sender
sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical
receive_override_options = no_address_mappings
主配置文件
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd -v
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - n - - smtpd -v
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd -v
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup -v
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup -v
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite -v
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
-o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
postlog unix-dgram n - n - 1 postlogd
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
# ====================================================================
lmtps unix - - - - - lmtp
-o lmtp_use_tls=yes
-o lmtp_enforce_tls=yes
-o lmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols=!SSLv2,!SSLv3
-o lmtp_tls_protocols=!SSLv2,!SSLv3
-o lmtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers=high
-o lmtp_tls_ciphers=high
-o lmtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o lmtp_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o lmtp_tls_note_starttls_offer=yes
-o lmtp_address_preference=ipv4
答案1
解决了。
主要问题出在 main.cf 中的以下设置：“receive_override_options = no_address_mappings” 删除后，重写就可以了！
感谢 raf 和 postfix-users 邮件列表上的 postfix-users。
我的最终 main.cf：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2
# TLS parameters
# smtpd
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/postfix/sslcert/mailserver20210902.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/postfix/sslcert/mailserver20210902.key
broken_sasl_auth_clients = no
smtpd_tls_security_level=may
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_sender_login_maps.cf
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated permit_mynetworks reject_unauth_destination reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = ubuntu-RPI4.homenet
mydomain = ttmsacer.homenet
mydestination = localhost.homenet, localhost
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104, [::1]/128, 192.168.178.0/24
#relay_domains = *
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
message_size_limit = 52768000
# disable virtual_mailbox_limit by setting it to 0:
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
inet_interfaces = 127.0.0.1, localhost, 192.168.178.20
inet_protocols = all
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps
local_transport = virtual
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
# proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf,
# proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
# proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 104
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_transport = lmtps:inet:localhost:24
# smarthost / smtp
smtp_tls_security_level=may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtp_tls_policy_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/tls_policy
smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_connection_cache_on_demand = no
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/pass_smarthost
sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relaymap
sender_canonical_classes = envelope_sender, header_sender
canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical
sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical