- 如何启动我的 mdadm RAID-5 阵列？
- 我怎样才能使这些改变持续下去？
我昨晚重启了我们的服务器，发现大约 8 个月前创建的 RAID 阵列没有恢复，我无法访问我的数据。我运行了一堆命令：
几个月前，我/dev/sdh向 RAID-5 阵列添加了一个新磁盘，该磁盘安装到/srv/share以下位置这一切似乎都运行良好，我们有了额外的空间并一直在使用它——除了昨晚，我实际上不确定从那时起我们是否重新启动过。RAID-5 最初是在 ubuntu 18.04 下创建的，现在由 ubuntu 20.04 使用
$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : inactive sdf[3](S) sdb[1](S) sda[0](S)
23441691144 blocks super 1.2
unused devices: <none>
$ lsblk | grep -v loop
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 7.3T 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 21.9T 0 raid5
sdb 8:16 0 7.3T 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 21.9T 0 raid5
sdc 8:32 0 4.6T 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 4.6T 0 part /srv/datasets
sdd 8:48 0 298.1G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 190M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sdd2 8:50 0 297.9G 0 part /
sde 8:64 0 3.7T 0 disk
└─sde1 8:65 0 3.7T 0 part /srv
sdf 8:80 0 7.3T 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 21.9T 0 raid5
sdg 8:96 0 1.8T 0 disk
├─sdg1 8:97 0 1.8T 0 part /home
└─sdg2 8:98 0 47G 0 part [SWAP]
sdh 8:112 0 7.3T 0 disk
└─sdh1 8:113 0 7.3T 0 part
$ sudo fdisk -l | grep sdh
Disk /dev/sdh: 7.28 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
/dev/sdh1 2048 15628050431 15628048384 7.3T Linux filesystem
$ sudo mdadm -Db /dev/md0
INACTIVE-ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=perception:0 UUID=c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791
$ sudo mdadm -Db /dev/md/0
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md/0: No such file or directory
From /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf:
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791 name=perception:0
$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Raid Level : raid0
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
State : inactive
Working Devices : 3
Name : perception:0
UUID : c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791
Events : 91689
Number Major Minor RaidDevice
- 8 0 - /dev/sda
- 8 80 - /dev/sdf
- 8 16 - /dev/sdb
sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md/0
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md/0: No such file or directory
mdadm --assemble --scan
[does nothing]
$ blkid /dev/md0 [nothing]
$ blkid /dev/md/0 [nothing]
$ blkid | grep raid
/dev/sdb: UUID="c8004245-4e16-3594-65e3-034668ed2791" UUID_SUB="3fefdb86-4c6b-fb76-a35e-3a846075eb54" LABEL="perception:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdf: UUID="c8004245-4e16-3594-65e3-034668ed2791" UUID_SUB="d4a58f2c-bc8b-8fd0-6b22-63b047e09c13" LABEL="perception:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sda: UUID="c8004245-4e16-3594-65e3-034668ed2791" UUID_SUB="afaea924-a15a-c5cf-f9a8-d73075201ff7" LABEL="perception:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
相关行/etc/fstab是：
UUID=f495abb3-36e6-4782-8f5e-83c6d3fc78eb /srv/share ext4 defaults 0 2
$ sudo mount -a
mount: /srv/share: can't find UUID=f495abb3-36e6-4782-8f5e-83c6d3fc78eb.
我尝试将 UUID 更改为fstab，c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791然后重新挂载：
$ sudo mount -a
mount: /srv/share: can't find UUID=c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791.
然后我改为c8004245-4e16-3594-65e3-034668ed2791并重新安装：
$ sudo mount -a
mount: /srv/share: /dev/sdb already mounted or mount point busy.
然后我使用新的 fstab 条目重新启动：c8004245-4e16-3594-65e3-034668ed2791
但与上述任何命令仍然没有区别^
我尝试改变mdadm.conf
：
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791 name=perception:0
到：
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 UUID=c8004245:4e163594:65e30346:68ed2791 name=perception:0
=> 没什么区别？
尝试使用 -v 停止并启动
$ sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
$ sudo mdadm --assemble --scan -v
[ excluding all the random loop drive stuff ]
mdadm: /dev/sdb is identified as a member of /dev/md/0, slot 1.
mdadm: /dev/sdf is identified as a member of /dev/md/0, slot 2.
mdadm: /dev/sda is identified as a member of /dev/md/0, slot 0.
mdadm: added /dev/sdb to /dev/md/0 as 1
mdadm: added /dev/sdf to /dev/md/0 as 2
mdadm: no uptodate device for slot 3 of /dev/md/0
mdadm: added /dev/sda to /dev/md/0 as 0
mdadm: /dev/md/0 has been started with 3 drives (out of 4).
$ dmesg
[ 988.616710] md/raid:md0: device sda operational as raid disk 0
[ 988.616718] md/raid:md0: device sdf operational as raid disk 2
[ 988.616721] md/raid:md0: device sdb operational as raid disk 1
[ 988.618892] md/raid:md0: raid level 5 active with 3 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2
[ 988.639345] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 46883371008
cat /proc/mdstat现在说突袭正在进行中
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid5 sda[0] sdf[3] sdb[1]
23441685504 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
bitmap: 0/59 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
并mount表示已/srv/share成功安装
sudo mount -a -v
/ : ignored
/boot/efi : already mounted
none : ignored
/home : already mounted
/srv : already mounted
/srv/share : successfully mounted
/srv/datasets : already mounted
但/srv/share仍然没有出现在df -h
我仍然看不到数据/srv/share
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 6.3G 2.5M 6.3G 1% /run
/dev/sdd2 293G 33G 245G 12% /
tmpfs 32G 96K 32G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sde1 3.6T 455G 3.0T 14% /srv
/dev/sdd1 188M 5.2M 182M 3% /boot/efi
/dev/sdc1 4.6T 3.6T 768G 83% /srv/datasets
/dev/sdg1 1.8T 1.5T 164G 91% /home
答案1
帮助
dpkg-reconfigure mdadm # Choose "all" disks to start at boot
update-initramfs -u # Updates the existing initramfs