我正在尝试升级我在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 上安装的 CUDA - 更具体地说，我正在遵循 TensorFlow 文档提供的说明这里（我按照原始安装的说明，CUDA 10）。首先我按照说明这里）
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda*
sudo apt remove --autoremove nvidia-cuda-toolkit
sudo apt remove --autoremove nvidia-*
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda*
然后（来自 TensorFlow 指令）
sudo apt install ./nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
但执行之后出现以下错误：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
libnvidia-extra-450 : Depends: libnvidia-extra-460 but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
然后尝试sudo apt --fix-broken install给我：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
g++-6 libaccinj64-9.1 libcublas9.1 libcudart9.1 libcufft9.1 libcufftw9.1 libcuinj64-9.1 libcurand9.1 libcusolver9.1
libcusparse9.1 libnppc9.1 libnppial9.1 libnppicc9.1 libnppicom9.1 libnppidei9.1 libnppif9.1 libnppig9.1 libnppim9.1
libnppist9.1 libnppisu9.1 libnppitc9.1 libnpps9.1 libnvblas9.1 libnvgraph9.1 libnvidia-common-440 libnvidia-extra-440
libnvrtc9.1 libnvtoolsext1 libnvvm3 libstdc++-6-dev libthrust-dev libvdpau-dev nvidia-cuda-doc nvidia-cuda-gdb
nvidia-opencl-dev nvidia-profiler nvidia-visual-profiler ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-c-headers
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libnvidia-extra-460
The following NEW packages will be installed
libnvidia-extra-460
0 to upgrade, 1 to newly install, 0 to remove and 273 not to upgrade.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/40.9 kB of archives.
After this operation, 120 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 196344 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-extra-460_460.106.00-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnvidia-extra-460:amd64 (460.106.00-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-extra-460_460.106.00-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-allocator.so', which is also in package libnvidia-compute-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-extra-460_460.106.00-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我猜这只是一个驱动程序冲突。按照以下建议的修复方法这我想运行的问题
sudo dpkg -P nvidia-driver-450
或者强制安装
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-compute-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1
sudo apt -f install
的输出dpkg -l | grep -i nvidia为：
ii cuda-nsight-compute-10-1 10.1.243-1 amd64 NVIDIA Nsight Compute
ii cuda-nsight-systems-10-1 10.1.243-1 amd64 NVIDIA Nsight Systems
ii cuda-nvtx-10-1 10.1.243-1 amd64 NVIDIA Tools Extension
ii libaccinj64-9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA ACCINJ Library (64-bit)
ii libcublas9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA cuBLAS Library
ii libcudart9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA CUDA Runtime Library
ii libcufft9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA cuFFT Library
ii libcufftw9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA cuFFTW Library
ii libcuinj64-9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA CUINJ Library (64-bit)
ii libcurand9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA cuRAND Library
ii libcusolver9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA cuSOLVER Library
ii libcusparse9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA cuSPARSE Library
ii libnppc9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives core runtime library
ii libnppial9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Arithmetic and Logic
ii libnppicc9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Color Conversion
ii libnppicom9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Compression
ii libnppidei9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Data Exchange and Initialization
ii libnppif9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Filters
ii libnppig9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Geometry transforms
ii libnppim9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Morphological operations
ii libnppist9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Statistics
ii libnppisu9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Support
ii libnppitc9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives lib for Image Threshold and Compare
ii libnpps9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Performance Primitives for signal processing runtime library
ii libnvgraph9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Graph Analytics library (nvGRAPH)
ii libnvidia-cfg1-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
ii libnvidia-common-440 450.119.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 all Transitional package for libnvidia-common-450
ii libnvidia-common-450 460.91.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 all Transitional package for libnvidia-common-460
ii libnvidia-common-460 460.91.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 all Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
rc libnvidia-compute-440:amd64 440.82-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package
ii libnvidia-compute-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package
ii libnvidia-decode-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii libnvidia-encode-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
iU libnvidia-extra-440:amd64 450.119.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 Transitional package for libnvidia-extra-450
iU libnvidia-extra-450:amd64 460.91.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 Transitional package for libnvidia-extra-460
ii libnvidia-fbc1-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
ii libnvidia-gl-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
ii libnvidia-ifr1-450:amd64 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Inband Frame Readback runtime library
ii libnvrtc9.1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 CUDA Runtime Compilation (NVIDIA NVRTC Library)
ii libnvtoolsext1:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Tools Extension Library
ii libnvvm3:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA NVVM Library
ii nsight-compute-2020.1.0 2020.1.0.33-1 amd64 NVIDIA Nsight Compute
rc nvidia-compute-utils-440 440.82-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities
ii nvidia-compute-utils-450 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities
ii nvidia-cuda-doc 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 all NVIDIA CUDA and OpenCL documentation
ii nvidia-cuda-gdb 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA CUDA Debugger (GDB)
rc nvidia-dkms-440 440.82-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package
ii nvidia-dkms-450 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package
ii nvidia-driver-450 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA driver metapackage
rc nvidia-kernel-common-440 440.82-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module
ii nvidia-kernel-common-450:amd64 460.91.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 Transitional package for nvidia-kernel-common-460
ii nvidia-kernel-common-460 460.91.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module
ii nvidia-kernel-source-450 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA kernel source package
ii nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804 1.0.0-1 amd64 nvidia-machine-learning repository configuration files
ii nvidia-modprobe 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 Load the NVIDIA kernel driver and create device files
ii nvidia-opencl-dev:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenCL development files
ii nvidia-profiler 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Profiler for CUDA and OpenCL
ii nvidia-settings 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
ii nvidia-utils-450 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA driver support binaries
ii nvidia-visual-profiler 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Visual Profiler for CUDA and OpenCL
ii xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-450 450.36.06-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
我尝试过明确地删除并清除 libnvidia-compute-450 包，但没有任何效果。不知道该怎么做，很想直接删除该驱动程序，但听说有人遇到过类似的问题，所以我很谨慎，不想完全重新安装 Ubuntu！
答案1
好吧，最后我设法通过强制覆盖有问题的包（清除它不起作用）解决了这个问题。我运行
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-extra-460_460.106.00-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
然后，我能够成功运行其余的 TensorFlow CUDA 安装说明。令人恼火的是，这些说明实际上为 TF 2.4 安装 CUDA 11.0（为什么？），而 TF 2.4 和 TF 2.4 都不是最新版本 - 很容易忽略这一点！
一次非常令人沮丧的经历。