在过去的几个月里，我偶尔会收到警告，说我的 ubuntu 20.04 上的启动分区磁盘空间不足。通常执行此操作sudo apt autoremove会释放空间，直到下次更新。
但在过去的几周中，该命令没有释放任何空间，并且我的启动分区上始终只有 26mb，这在更新时会出现错误。
以下是 apt autoremove 的输出
nocnoc@nocnoc-ThinkPad-T470p:~$ sudo apt autoremove
[sudo] password for nocnoc:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.136ubuntu6.6) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.136ubuntu6.6) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/glk_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/cml_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/icl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_huc_7.5.0.bin for module i91
5
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_huc_7.5.0.bin for module i91
5
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/dg1_dmc_ver2_02.bin for module i
915
I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/dm-2
I: (/dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1)
I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
Error 24 : Write error : cannot write compressed block
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 lz4 -9 -l 24
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned
error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
任何想法都将不胜感激，谢谢！
编辑：
我的笔记本电脑主分区有 20GB 可用空间，问题是 ubuntu 中的 /boot 分区太小，已满。所以我想知道如何使用 apt 来减少空间或增加 /boot 的大小
这是我的输出sudo apt -f install
nocnoc@nocnoc-ThinkPad-T470p:~$ sudo apt -f install
[sudo] password for nocnoc:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.136ubuntu6.6) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.136ubuntu6.6) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/glk_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/cml_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/icl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_huc_7.5.0.bin for module i91
5
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_huc_7.5.0.bin for module i91
5
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_49.0.1.bin for module i9
15
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/dg1_dmc_ver2_02.bin for module i
915
I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/dm-2
I: (/dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1)
I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
Error 24 : Write error : cannot write compressed block
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 lz4 -9 -l 24
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned
error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
编辑2：
以下是 lsblk 的输出：
nocnoc@nocnoc-ThinkPad-T470p:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 61.3M 1 loop /snap/authy/6
loop1 7:1 0 61.5M 1 loop /snap/authy/7
loop2 7:2 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop3 7:3 0 9M 1 loop /snap/canonical-livepatch/126
loop4 7:4 0 64.5M 1 loop /snap/caprine/48
loop5 7:5 0 94.5M 1 loop /snap/go/8779
loop6 7:6 0 64.5M 1 loop /snap/caprine/47
loop7 7:7 0 147.9M 1 loop /snap/chromium/1854
loop8 7:8 0 147.9M 1 loop /snap/chromium/1845
loop9 7:9 0 99.4M 1 loop /snap/core/11993
loop10 7:10 0 183.9M 1 loop /snap/inkscape/9256
loop11 7:11 0 99.3M 1 loop /snap/core/11743
loop12 7:12 0 467.5M 1 loop /snap/goland/156
loop13 7:13 0 64.6M 1 loop /snap/sublime-text/109
loop14 7:14 0 65.2M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519
loop15 7:15 0 9M 1 loop /snap/canonical-livepatch/119
loop16 7:16 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72
loop17 7:17 0 175.4M 1 loop /snap/postman/132
loop18 7:18 0 3.3M 1 loop /snap/shellcheck/1654
loop19 7:19 0 323.6M 1 loop /snap/telegram-desktop/3455
loop20 7:20 0 60.3M 1 loop /snap/pocket-casts/9
loop21 7:21 0 100.4M 1 loop /snap/drawio/134
loop22 7:22 0 602.1M 1 loop /snap/goland/163
loop23 7:23 0 242.4M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/76
loop24 7:24 0 162.1M 1 loop /snap/spotify/53
loop25 7:25 0 82.9M 1 loop /snap/discord/130
loop26 7:26 0 66.5M 1 loop /snap/citra-emu/144
loop27 7:27 0 176.9M 1 loop /snap/krita/64
loop28 7:28 0 260.7M 1 loop /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
loop29 7:29 0 162.9M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
loop30 7:30 0 167.3M 1 loop /snap/spotify/56
loop31 7:31 0 217.5M 1 loop /snap/code/84
loop32 7:32 0 87M 1 loop /snap/teams-for-linux/195
loop33 7:33 0 247.9M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/87
loop34 7:34 0 3.2M 1 loop /snap/shellcheck/1462
loop35 7:35 0 94.5M 1 loop /snap/go/8839
loop36 7:36 0 64.7M 1 loop /snap/sublime-text/110
loop37 7:37 0 54.2M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/558
loop38 7:38 0 535M 1 loop /snap/pycharm-professional/260
loop39 7:39 0 100.4M 1 loop /snap/drawio/135
loop40 7:40 0 175.4M 1 loop /snap/postman/133
loop41 7:41 0 51M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/547
loop42 7:42 0 60.3M 1 loop /snap/pocket-casts/10
loop43 7:43 0 517.7M 1 loop /snap/nightmayr-kf5-qt-5-15-2-core20/20
loop44 7:44 0 77.2M 1 loop /snap/discord/128
loop45 7:45 0 116.6M 1 loop /snap/docker/1125
loop46 7:46 0 164.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/161
loop47 7:47 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2253
loop48 7:48 0 122.4M 1 loop /snap/fromscratch/4
loop49 7:49 0 362M 1 loop /snap/obs-studio/1273
loop50 7:50 0 518.3M 1 loop /snap/nightmayr-kf5-qt-5-15-2-core20/26
loop51 7:51 0 87M 1 loop /snap/teams-for-linux/205
loop52 7:52 0 42.2M 1 loop /snap/snapd/14066
loop53 7:53 0 4.2M 1 loop /snap/tree/18
loop54 7:54 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1242
loop55 7:55 0 276.7M 1 loop /snap/gimp/372
loop56 7:56 0 362.2M 1 loop /snap/obs-studio/1276
loop57 7:57 0 131.6M 1 loop /snap/docker/796
loop58 7:58 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/77
loop59 7:59 0 43.3M 1 loop /snap/snapd/14295
loop60 7:60 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2246
loop61 7:61 0 213.8M 1 loop /snap/code/83
loop62 7:62 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1270
loop63 7:63 0 277M 1 loop /snap/gimp/380
loop64 7:64 0 313.2M 1 loop /snap/telegram-desktop/3343
loop65 7:65 0 184.8M 1 loop /snap/inkscape/9090
loop66 7:66 0 264.8M 1 loop /snap/citra-emu/143
loop67 7:67 0 65.1M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
loop68 7:68 0 8.1M 1 loop /snap/pick-colour-picker/238
loop69 7:69 0 295.7M 1 loop /snap/vlc/2344
loop70 7:70 0 669.7M 1 loop /snap/pycharm-professional/265
nvme0n1 259:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 732M 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 237.3G 0 part
└─nvme0n1p3_crypt
253:0 0 237.2G 0 crypt
├─vgubuntu-root
│ 253:1 0 236.3G 0 lvm /run/timeshift/backup
└─vgubuntu-swap_1
253:2 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
下面是 ls /boot/ 的输出
nocnoc@nocnoc-ThinkPad-T470p:~$ ls /boot
config-5.11.0-38-generic memtest86+.bin
config-5.11.0-40-generic memtest86+.elf
config-5.11.0-41-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin
config-5.4.0-91-generic System.map-5.11.0-38-generic
efi System.map-5.11.0-40-generic
grub System.map-5.11.0-41-generic
initrd.img System.map-5.4.0-91-generic
initrd.img-5.11.0-38-generic vmlinuz
initrd.img-5.11.0-40-generic vmlinuz-5.11.0-38-generic
initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic vmlinuz-5.11.0-40-generic
initrd.img-5.4.0-91-generic vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic
initrd.img.old vmlinuz-5.4.0-91-generic
lost+found vmlinuz.old
答案1
答案是进入启动并手动删除旧内核，而不是依赖 apt autoremove。问题本质上是 apt 无法完成最新内核 (5.11.0-41) 的安装，因为空间不足，而 autoremove 不会删除旧内核 (5.11.0-38)，直到安装最新内核。就我而言。
sudo apt remove 'linux*5.4.0-91*'
sudo apt remove 'linux*5.11.0-38*'
我在上面的命令中使用通配符（*），因为内核由 5 个包（标题、图像、模块）组成。
此命令还可能删除 linux-generic、linux-headers-generic 和 linux-image-generic。这是正常的，无需担心，因为您确实拥有这些软件包的 HWE 版本（软件包名称相同，但附加了 -hwe-20.04，这些软件包提供了您正在使用的 5.11 内核）。
完成所有操作后，您可能需要运行 sudo apt -f install 来完成 5.11.0-41 的安装。