我需要一些支持。我想问你，我该如何处理我的笔记本电脑驱动程序？我无法设置我的混合显卡。我阅读了大量手册和操作指南，但仍然无法启动它。如果我改变图形处理器对于 xorg.conf 中的 radeon 驱动程序，输出将是相同的。
所以我有Ubuntu 22.04 LTS和5.15.0-52-通用#58-Ubuntu SMP 2022 年 10 月 13 日星期四 08:03:55 UTC x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux，
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b)
03:00.0 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Sun LE [Radeon HD 8550M / R5 M230]
Graphics:
Device-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
Device-2: AMD Sun LE [Radeon HD 8550M / R5 M230] driver: amdgpu
v: 5.16.9.22.20
Device-3: Acer Lenovo EasyCamera type: USB driver: uvcvideo
Display: server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.3 driver: X: loaded: intel
unloaded: amdgpu gpu: i915 resolution: 1366x768~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa Intel HD Graphics 4400 (HSW GT2)
v: 4.6 Mesa 22.0.5
[xatrix@MERNOV-NB ~]$ sudo dkms status
amdgpu/5.16.9.22.20-1438747~22.04, 5.15.0-52-generic, x86_64: installed
[xatrix@MERNOV-NB ~]$ dmesg -t | grep amdgpu
Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-52-generic root=UUID=335fdad2-293f-4e34-b6ba-889b6f4ec3af ro ipv6.disable=1 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 usbcore.autosuspend=-1 pci=noaer radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1 amdgpu.dc=1 iommu=soft
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-52-generic root=UUID=335fdad2-293f-4e34-b6ba-889b6f4ec3af ro ipv6.disable=1 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 usbcore.autosuspend=-1 pci=noaer radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1 amdgpu.dc=1 iommu=soft
[drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[drm] amdgpu version: 5.16.9.22.20
amdgpu: vga_switcheroo: detected switching method \_SB_.PCI0.GFX0.ATPX handle
amdgpu: CRAT table not found
amdgpu: Virtual CRAT table created for CPU
amdgpu: Topology: Add CPU node
amdgpu: PeerDirect support was initialized successfully
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003)
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: Trusted Memory Zone (TMZ) feature not supported
kfd kfd: amdgpu: HAINAN not supported in kfd
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: Fetched VBIOS from ATRM
amdgpu: ATOM BIOS: 113-xxx-Xxx
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: PCIE atomic ops is not supported
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: VRAM: 2048M 0x000000F400000000 - 0x000000F47FFFFFFF (2048M used)
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: GART: 256M 0x000000FF00000000 - 0x000000FF0FFFFFFF
[drm] amdgpu: 2048M of VRAM memory ready
[drm] amdgpu: 7840M of GTT memory ready.
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: PCIE GART of 256M enabled (table at 0x000000F400000000).
[drm] amdgpu: dpm initialized
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: SE 1, SH per SE 1, CU per SH 5, active_cu_number 4
amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: Using BOCO for runtime pm
[drm] Initialized amdgpu 3.46.0 20150101 for 0000:03:00.0 on minor 0
[xatrix@MERNOV-NB ~]$ cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log
[ 13.336]
X.Org X Server 1.21.1.3
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 13.336] Current Operating System: Linux MERNOV-NB 5.15.0-52-generic #58-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 13 08:03:55 UTC 2022 x86_64
[ 13.336] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-52-generic root=UUID=335fdad2-293f-4e34-b6ba-889b6f4ec3af ro ipv6.disable=1 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 usbcore.autosuspend=-1 pci=noaer radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1 amdgpu.dc=1 iommu=soft
[ 13.336] xorg-server 2:21.1.3-2ubuntu2.2 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
[ 13.336] Current version of pixman: 0.40.0
[ 13.336] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 13.336] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 13.336] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sat Nov 5 19:57:18 2022
[ 13.345] (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
[ 13.345] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 13.350] (==) ServerLayout "X.org Configured"
[ 13.350] (**) |-->Screen "Screen0" (0)
[ 13.350] (**) | |-->Monitor "Monitor0"
[ 13.353] (**) | |-->Device "Card0"
[ 13.353] (**) |-->Screen "Screen1" (1)
[ 13.353] (**) | |-->Monitor "Monitor1"
[ 13.353] (**) | |-->Device "Card1"
[ 13.353] (**) |-->Input Device "Mouse0"
[ 13.353] (**) |-->Input Device "Keyboard0"
[ 13.353] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 13.353] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 13.354] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 13.354] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 13.354] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 13.368] (**) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
built-ins,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
built-ins
[ 13.368] (**) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 13.368] (WW) Hotplugging is on, devices using drivers 'kbd', 'mouse' or 'vmmouse' will be disabled.
[ 13.368] (WW) Disabling Mouse0
[ 13.368] (WW) Disabling Keyboard0
[ 13.368] (II) Loader magic: 0x55cf8b852020
[ 13.368] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 13.368] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 13.368] X.Org Video Driver: 25.2
[ 13.368] X.Org XInput driver : 24.4
[ 13.368] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 13.370] (++) using VT number 7
[ 13.370] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[ 13.372] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card1)
[ 13.372] (II) Platform probe for /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1
[ 13.381] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 13.381] (II) Platform probe for /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:03:00.0/drm/card0
[ 13.393] (--) PCI:*(0@0:2:0) 8086:0a16:17aa:380c rev 11, Mem @ 0xd0000000/4194304, 0xc0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x00006000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 13.393] (--) PCI: (3@0:0:0) 1002:666f:17aa:380c rev 0, Mem @ 0xb0000000/268435456, 0xd0400000/262144, I/O @ 0x00003000/256, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 13.397] (II) "glx" will be loaded. This was enabled by default and also specified in the config file.
[ 13.397] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 13.403] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 13.413] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 13.413] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.0
[ 13.413] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 13.413] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 13.413] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 13.427] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 13.427] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 2.99.917
[ 13.427] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 13.427] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 13.427] (II) LoadModule: "amdgpu"
[ 13.427] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/amdgpu_drv.so
[ 13.445] (II) Module amdgpu: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 13.445] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 22.0.0
[ 13.445] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 13.445] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 13.445] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G,
915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM,
Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33,
GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43
[ 13.445] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics
[ 13.445] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics
[ 13.445] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics
[ 13.445] (II) AMDGPU: Driver for AMD Radeon:
All GPUs supported by the amdgpu kernel driver
[ 13.473] (II) intel(0): Using Kernel Mode Setting driver: i915, version 1.6.0 20201103
[ 13.473] (II) intel(0): SNA compiled: xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.99.917+git20210115-1 (Timo Aaltonen <[email protected]>)
[ 13.473] (II) intel(0): SNA compiled for use with valgrind
[ 13.489] (--) intel(0): Integrated Graphics Chipset: Intel(R) HD Graphics 4400
[ 13.489] (--) intel(0): CPU: x86-64, sse2, sse3, ssse3, sse4.1, sse4.2, avx, avx2; using a maximum of 2 threads
[ 13.489] (==) intel(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32
[ 13.489] (==) intel(0): RGB weight 888
[ 13.489] (==) intel(0): Default visual is TrueColor
[ 13.493] (II) intel(0): Output eDP1 using monitor section Monitor0
[ 13.493] (**) intel(0): Found backlight control interface intel_backlight (type 'raw') for output eDP1
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Enabled output eDP1
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Output HDMI1 has no monitor section
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Enabled output HDMI1
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Output DP1 has no monitor section
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Enabled output DP1
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Output HDMI2 has no monitor section
[ 13.494] (II) intel(0): Enabled output HDMI2
[ 13.494] (--) intel(0): Using a maximum size of 256x256 for hardware cursors
[ 13.495] (II) intel(0): Output VIRTUAL1 has no monitor section
[ 13.495] (II) intel(0): Enabled output VIRTUAL1
[ 13.495] (--) intel(0): Output eDP1 using initial mode 1366x768 on pipe 0
[ 13.495] (==) intel(0): TearFree disabled
[ 13.495] (==) intel(0): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
[ 13.495] (==) intel(0): DPI set to (96, 96)
[ 13.495] (II) Loading sub module "dri3"
[ 13.495] (II) LoadModule: "dri3"
[ 13.495] (II) Module "dri3" already built-in
[ 13.495] (II) Loading sub module "dri2"
[ 13.495] (II) LoadModule: "dri2"
[ 13.495] (II) Module "dri2" already built-in
[ 13.495] (II) Loading sub module "present"
[ 13.495] (II) LoadModule: "present"
[ 13.495] (II) Module "present" already built-in
[ 13.496] (==) AMDGPU(1): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32
[ 13.496] (II) AMDGPU(1): Pixel depth = 24 bits stored in 4 bytes (32 bpp pixmaps)
[ 13.496] (==) AMDGPU(1): Default visual is TrueColor
[ 13.496] (==) AMDGPU(1): RGB weight 888
[ 13.496] (II) AMDGPU(1): Using 8 bits per RGB (8 bit DAC)
[ 13.496] (--) AMDGPU(1): Chipset: "AMD Radeon HD 8500M" (ChipID = 0x666f)
[ 13.496] (II) Loading sub module "fb"
[ 13.496] (II) LoadModule: "fb"
[ 13.496] (II) Module "fb" already built-in
[ 13.496] (II) Loading sub module "dri2"
[ 13.496] (II) LoadModule: "dri2"
[ 13.496] (II) Module "dri2" already built-in
[ 14.051] (II) Loading sub module "glamoregl"
[ 14.051] (II) LoadModule: "glamoregl"
[ 14.051] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so
[ 14.067] (II) Module glamoregl: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 14.067] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.1
[ 14.067] ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4
[ 14.138] (II) AMDGPU(1): glamor X acceleration enabled on AMD Radeon HD 8500M (hainan, LLVM 13.0.1, DRM 3.46, 5.15.0-52-generic)
[ 14.138] (II) AMDGPU(1): glamor detected, initialising EGL layer.
[ 14.138] (==) AMDGPU(1): TearFree property default: auto
[ 14.138] (==) AMDGPU(1): VariableRefresh: disabled
[ 14.138] (==) AMDGPU(1): AsyncFlipSecondaries: disabled
[ 14.138] (II) AMDGPU(1): KMS Pageflipping: enabled
[ 14.138] (WW) AMDGPU(1): No outputs definitely connected, trying again...
[ 14.138] (WW) AMDGPU(1): Unable to find connected outputs - setting 1024x768 initial framebuffer
[ 14.138] (II) AMDGPU(1): mem size init: gart size :1e9db0000 vram size: s:7f77d000 visible:ff7d000
[ 14.138] (==) AMDGPU(1): DPI set to (96, 96)
[ 14.138] (==) AMDGPU(1): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
[ 14.138] (II) Loading sub module "ramdac"
[ 14.138] (II) LoadModule: "ramdac"
[ 14.138] (II) Module "ramdac" already built-in
[ 14.138] (EE) AMDGPU(1): No modes.
[ 14.141] (II) UnloadModule: "amdgpu"
[ 14.141] (II) UnloadSubModule: "glamoregl"
[ 14.141] (II) Unloading glamoregl
[ 14.147] (II) intel(0): SNA initialized with Haswell (gen7.5, gt2) backend
[ 14.147] (==) intel(0): Backing store enabled
[ 14.147] (==) intel(0): Silken mouse enabled
[ 14.149] (II) intel(0): HW Cursor enabled
[ 14.151] (==) intel(0): DPMS enabled
[ 14.151] (==) intel(0): Display hotplug detection enabled
[ 14.152] (II) intel(0): [DRI2] Setup complete
[ 14.152] (II) intel(0): [DRI2] DRI driver: i965
[ 14.152] (II) intel(0): [DRI2] VDPAU driver: va_gl
[ 14.152] (II) intel(0): direct rendering: DRI2 enabled
[ 14.152] (II) intel(0): hardware support for Present enabled
[ 14.152] (II) Initializing extension Generic Event Extension
[ 14.152] (II) Initializing extension SHAPE
[ 14.152] (II) Initializing extension MIT-SHM
[ 14.153] (II) Initializing extension XInputExtension
[ 14.153] (II) Initializing extension XTEST
[ 14.154] (II) Initializing extension BIG-REQUESTS
[ 14.154] (II) Initializing extension SYNC
[ 14.154] (II) Initializing extension XKEYBOARD
[ 14.154] (II) Initializing extension XC-MISC
[ 14.155] (II) Initializing extension SECURITY
[ 14.155] (II) Initializing extension XFIXES
[ 14.155] (II) Initializing extension RENDER
[ 14.155] (II) Initializing extension RANDR
[ 14.156] (II) Initializing extension COMPOSITE
[ 14.156] (II) Initializing extension DAMAGE
[ 14.156] (II) Initializing extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER
[ 14.157] (II) Initializing extension DOUBLE-BUFFER
[ 14.157] (II) Initializing extension RECORD
[ 14.157] (II) Initializing extension DPMS
[ 14.157] (II) Initializing extension Present
[ 14.158] (II) Initializing extension DRI3
[ 14.158] (II) Initializing extension X-Resource
[ 14.158] (II) Initializing extension XVideo
[ 14.158] (II) Initializing extension XVideo-MotionCompensation
[ 14.158] (II) Initializing extension SELinux
[ 14.158] (II) SELinux: Disabled on system
[ 14.158] (II) Initializing extension GLX
[ 14.271] (II) AIGLX: Loaded and initialized i965
[ 14.271] (II) GLX: Initialized DRI2 GL provider for screen 0
[ 14.271] (II) Initializing extension XFree86-VidModeExtension
[ 14.271] (II) Initializing extension XFree86-DGA
[ 14.271] (II) Initializing extension XFree86-DRI
[ 14.271] (II) Initializing extension DRI2
[ 14.285] (II) intel(0): switch to mode [email protected] on eDP1 using pipe 0, position (0, 0), rotation normal, reflection none
[ 14.297] (II) intel(0): Setting screen physical size to 361 x 203
[ 14.420] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Power Button (/dev/input/event2)
[ 14.420] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 14.420] (II) LoadModule: "libinput"
[ 14.420] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/libinput_drv.so