我已经尝试了好几天从包含 rEFIND 引导加载程序的 USB 驱动器启动。我有一个装有 Ubuntu 22.04 的硬盘，并将其克隆到安装在 PCIEx16 插槽中的 NVME SSD 上。
切断硬盘电源后，当我从 USB 启动时，一切似乎都很顺利，但最终进入紧急模式并出现错误：
no caching mode page found
assuming drive cache write through
我已经按照如下步骤设置了 grub： https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-fix-minimal-bash-like-line-editing-is-supported-grub-error-in-linux/ 我甚至在我的 SSD 分区 1 (EFI) 和 6 (Ubuntu) 上运行了 fsck。我无法解读 journalctl -xb 中的大量日志。我的 fdisk -l 输出是：
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 534527 532480 260M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 534528 567295 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/nvme0n1p3 567296 1003449731 1002882436 478.2G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p4 1926793216 1928800255 2007040 980M Windows recovery environment
/dev/nvme0n1p5 1928800256 1953511423 24711168 11.8G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p6 1003450368 1926793215 923342848 440.3G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/sdf: 3.82 GiB, 4103937024 bytes, 8015502 sectors
/dev/sdf1 2048 14878 12831 6.3M EFI System
Gparted 对 USB 驱动器发出警告：分区内有 1007.50 KiB 未分配空间。要扩展文件系统以填充分区，请选择分区并选择菜单项：分区 --> 检查。
当我进行分区检查时，它失败并显示错误消息：检查并修复 /dev/sdf1 00:00:01 上的文件系统（fat16）（错误）
calibrate /dev/sdf1 00:00:00 ( SUCCESS )
path: /dev/sdf1 (partition)
start: 2048
end: 14878
size: 12831 (6.27 MiB)
check file system on /dev/sdf1 for errors and (if possible) fix them 00:00:00 ( SUCCESS )
fsck.fat -a -w -v '/dev/sdf1' 00:00:00 ( SUCCESS )
fsck.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)
Checking we can access the last sector of the filesystem
Boot sector contents:
System ID "mkfs.fat"
Media byte 0xf8 (hard disk)
512 bytes per logical sector
2048 bytes per cluster
4 reserved sectors
First FAT starts at byte 2048 (sector 4)
2 FATs, 12 bit entries
4096 bytes per FAT (= 8 sectors)
Root directory starts at byte 10240 (sector 20)
512 root directory entries
Data area starts at byte 26624 (sector 52)
2691 data clusters (5511168 bytes)
32 sectors/track, 2 heads
0 hidden sectors
10816 sectors total
Reclaiming unconnected clusters.
/dev/sdf1: 121 files, 2332/2691 clusters
grow file system to fill the partition 00:00:01 ( ERROR )
using libparted
libparted messages ( ERROR )
Could not detect file system.