我有 3 个显示器：
- 我的笔记本电脑屏幕
- 连接到 HDMI 端口的屏幕
- 通过 USB-C 集线器通过 HDMI 连接的屏幕。
我有时会遇到某些应用程序窗口内的图形损坏，例如窗口的某些部分不刷新、闪烁或显示另一个应用程序的一部分。有时可以通过单击窗口内部或调整窗口大小来解决此问题，有时我必须关闭应用程序并再次打开它。这不仅限于任何特定应用程序，尽管它似乎经常发生在 Geany 或 CherryTree 上。
下面是我尝试调整 CherryTree 大小几次后的示例：
硬件 ：联想 Thikpad P14s 配备混合显卡（集成英特尔 GPU 和附加 nVidia CPU）。我曾经sudo prime-select intel将其设置为仅使用集成 GPU，以减少连接和断开显示器时出现的发热和其他问题。
软件 ：Ubuntu 23.04 搭载 KDE Plasma 5.27.4 和 Xorg 1.21.1.7
.xsession-errors当这件事发生时，我什么也没有/var/log/Xorg.0.log。
我该如何调试它？尽管我是一位经验丰富的 Linux 用户和系统管理员，但我甚至不知道从哪里开始排除故障，也不知道这里可能出了什么问题：应用程序、等离子、xorg、视频驱动程序……
据我所知，当外接显示器未连接时，这种情况永远不会发生。
附加信息：的输出sudo inxi -Fxxx，缩短为相关信息：
System:
Host: sylvain-thinkpad Kernel: 6.2.0-20-generic arch: x86_64 bits: 64
compiler: N/A Desktop: KDE Plasma v: 5.27.4 wm: kwin_x11 dm: SDDM
Distro: Ubuntu 23.04 (Lunar Lobster)
Machine:
Type: Laptop System: LENOVO product: 20S40006FR v: ThinkPad P14s Gen 1
Graphics:
Device-1: Intel CometLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics] vendor: Lenovo driver: i915
v: kernel arch: Gen-9.5 ports: active: DP-3,HDMI-A-2,eDP-1 empty: DP-1,
DP-2, DP-4, HDMI-A-1 bus-ID: 00:02.0 chip-ID: 8086:9b41 class-ID: 0300
Device-2: NVIDIA GP108GLM [Quadro P520] vendor: Lenovo driver: N/A
arch: Pascal pcie: speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 4 bus-ID: 2d:00.0 chip-ID: 10de:1d34
class-ID: 0302
Device-3: Chicony Integrated Camera type: USB driver: uvcvideo
bus-ID: 1-8:4 chip-ID: 04f2:b6d9 class-ID: 0e02 serial: 0001
Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.7 with: Xwayland v: 22.1.8
compositor: kwin_x11 driver: X: loaded: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa
dri: iris gpu: i915 display-ID: :0 screens: 1
Screen-1: 0 s-res: 7040x1440 s-dpi: 96 s-size: 1862x381mm (73.31x15.00")
s-diag: 1901mm (74.83")
Monitor-1: DP-3 mapped: DP-1-1 pos: top-right model: Idek Iiyama PL2791Q
serial: 1153902021080 res: 2560x1440 hz: 60 dpi: 109
size: 597x336mm (23.5x13.23") diag: 686mm (27") modes: max: 2560x1440
min: 640x480
Monitor-2: HDMI-A-2 mapped: HDMI-2 pos: top-center
model: Idek Iiyama PL2791Q serial: 1153902221311 res: 2560x1440 hz: 60
dpi: 109 size: 597x336mm (23.5x13.23") diag: 686mm (27") modes:
max: 2560x1440 min: 640x480
Monitor-3: eDP-1 pos: primary,bottom-l model: AU Optronics 0x403d
res: 1920x1080 hz: 60 dpi: 158 size: 309x174mm (12.17x6.85")
diag: 355mm (14") modes: 1920x1080
API: OpenGL v: 4.6 Mesa 23.0.2 renderer: Mesa Intel UHD Graphics (CML GT2)
direct-render: Yes
编辑：六个月后，重新安装 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 后，Geany 和 CherryTree 仍然存在同样的问题，prime-select on-demand
当前系统信息：
System:
Host: sylvain-laptop Kernel: 6.5.0-1009-oem x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: N/A
Desktop: KDE Plasma 5.27.10 wm: kwin_x11 dm: SDDM
Distro: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
Machine:
Type: Laptop System: LENOVO product: 20S40006FR v: ThinkPad P14s Gen 1
Graphics:
Device-1: Intel CometLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics] vendor: Lenovo driver: i915
v: kernel ports: active: DP-4,HDMI-A-2,eDP-1
empty: DP-1, DP-2, DP-5, HDMI-A-1 bus-ID: 00:02.0 chip-ID: 8086:9b41
class-ID: 0300
Device-2: NVIDIA GP108GLM [Quadro P520] driver: N/A pcie: speed: 8 GT/s
lanes: 4 bus-ID: 2d:00.0 chip-ID: 10de:1d34 class-ID: 0302
Device-3: Chicony Integrated Camera type: USB driver: uvcvideo
bus-ID: 1-8:5 chip-ID: 04f2:b6d9 class-ID: 0e02 serial: 0001
Display: server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.4 compositor: kwin_x11 driver: X:
loaded: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa gpu: i915 display-ID: :0
screens: 1
Screen-1: 0 s-res: 7040x1440 s-dpi: 96 s-size: 1862x381mm (73.3x15.0")
s-diag: 1901mm (74.8")
Monitor-1: DP-1-1 pos: right res: 2560x1440 hz: 60 dpi: 109
size: 597x336mm (23.5x13.2") diag: 685mm (27")
Monitor-2: HDMI-2 mapped: HDMI-A-2 pos: center model: Idek Iiyama PL2791Q
serial: 1153902221311 res: 2560x1440 hz: 60 dpi: 109
size: 597x336mm (23.5x13.2") diag: 686mm (27") modes: max: 2560x1440
min: 640x480
Monitor-3: eDP-1 pos: primary,left model: AU Optronics res: 1920x1080
hz: 60 dpi: 158 size: 309x174mm (12.2x6.9") diag: 355mm (14")
modes: 1920x1080
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa Intel UHD Graphics (CML GT2)
v: 4.6 Mesa 23.0.4-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 direct render: Yes