dmesg当我尝试安装 HDD 或尝试启动已连接 HDD 的 PC 时，收到以下输出：
[ 65.553627] ata4: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps
[ 65.553634] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x3 SErr 0x4090000 action 0xe frozen
[ 65.553637] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x00400040, connection status changed
[ 65.553648] ata4: SError: { PHYRdyChg 10B8B DevExch }
[ 65.553651] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 65.553656] ata4.00: cmd 60/20:00:00:08:b3/00:00:1a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 16384 in
[ 65.553656] res 40/00:08:08:09:84/00:00:ae:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[ 65.553658] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 65.553660] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 65.553664] ata4.00: cmd 61/40:08:08:09:84/00:00:ae:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 32768 out
[ 65.553664] res 40/00:08:08:09:84/00:00:ae:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[ 65.553666] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 65.553670] ata4: hard resetting link
[ 70.574212] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 70.575983] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 70.590125] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb]
[ 70.590129] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 70.590132] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb]
[ 70.590134] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [descriptor]
[ 70.590138] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
[ 70.590140] 72 0b 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00
[ 70.590150] ae 84 09 08
[ 70.590154] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb]
[ 70.590156] Add. Sense: No additional sense information
[ 70.590159] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb] CDB:
[ 70.590160] Read(10): 28 00 1a b3 08 00 00 00 20 00
[ 70.590169] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 447940608
[ 70.590184] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb]
[ 70.590186] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 70.590188] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb]
[ 70.590189] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [descriptor]
[ 70.590192] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
[ 70.590194] 72 0b 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00
[ 70.590208] ae 84 09 08
[ 70.590210] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb]
[ 70.590211] Add. Sense: No additional sense information
[ 70.590212] sd 3:0:0:0: >[sdb] CDB:
[ 70.590212] Write(10): 2a 00 ae 84 09 08 00 00 40 00
[ 70.590216] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 2927888648
[ 70.590220] ata4: EH complete
[ 70.590250] Aborting journal on device sdb1-8.
[ 71.008917] EXT4-fs error (device sdb1): ext4_journal_start_sb:370: Detected aborted journal
[ 71.008923] EXT4-fs (sdb1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[ 101.131028] [drm] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: PFIFO: unknown status 0x40000000
[ 103.350801] [drm] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: PFIFO: unknown status 0x40000000
[ 155.407876] ata4: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4090000 action 0xe frozen
[ 155.407879] ata4: irq_stat 0x00400040, connection status changed
[ 155.407880] ata4: SError: { PHYRdyChg 10B8B DevExch }
[ 155.407883] ata4: hard resetting link
[ 160.430297] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 160.432121] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 160.446222] ata4: EH complete
[ 163.768313] ata4: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4090000 action 0xe frozen
[ 163.768318] ata4: irq_stat 0x00400040, connection status changed
[ 163.768321] ata4: SError: { PHYRdyChg 10B8B DevExch }
[ 163.768326] ata4: hard resetting link
[ 169.237531] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 169.239249] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 169.253459] ata4: EH complete
我能从中得到什么呢？
答案1
这更像是基于常识和过去经验的猜测。
ata4: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps
如果您预期链接速度为 3 或 6 Gbps，这可能表示电缆/连接器损坏或存在严重的无线电干扰。
此外，(ATA bus error)也指明了这方面的方向。
它还可能表明 (S)ATA 总线传输中的某个端点出现故障。请理解为：硬盘驱动器或控制器故障即将发生或已经发生故障。
我从这里看到了这些选项：
- 验证
AHCIBIOS 设置中已选择。如果已启用，请取消选择任何“IDE 兼容性”。 - 尝试另外一根数据线。
- 尝试主板上的另一个 SATA 端口。
- 通过将此驱动器放入另一台您知道可以正常工作的机器中，验证磁盘是否正常工作或已损坏。
- 查看是否有固件更新可修复与 (S)ATA 芯片组的不兼容问题。对于 SSD，我在 SSD 固件更新的变更日志中看到过此类示例。
- 有些主板配有两个 SATA 控制器。请尝试使用连接到第二个控制器的端口。