当我尝试运行 sudo apt-get upgrade 时出现以下错误。
我在运行 sudo reconfigure postfix 时也遇到了类似的错误，由于外发电子邮件不再工作，因此我非常需要运行它。我还运行了 sudo apt-get autoclean、sudo apt-getclean、sudo apt-get install debconf --reinstall 和 sudo apt-get install -f，但均未成功。
magento@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install debconf --reinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-3.5.0-17 linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
mysql-server-5.5
Suggested packages:
tinyca mailx
The following packages will be upgraded:
mysql-server-5.5
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
28 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 149 kB/8,990 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main debconf all 1.5.46ubuntu1 [149 kB]
Fetched 149 kB in 0s (472 kB/s)
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
(Reading database ... 81482 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace mysql-server-5.5 5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.10.1 (using .../mysql- server-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.10.2_amd64.deb) ...
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/mysql-server-5.5_5.5.28- 0ubuntu0.12.10.2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/mysql-server-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.10.2_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
运行 Ubuntu 12.10。
命令 df 给出：
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/magento-root 53613052 6529812 44359812 13% /
udev 3978932 4 3978928 1% /dev
tmpfs 1595380 264 1595116 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 3988440 0 3988440 0% /run/shm
none 102400 0 102400 0% /run/user
/dev/sda1 233191 53511 167239 25% /boot
我似乎看到过一篇文章建议不要将 tmpfs 用于 /var/cahce，如果这是问题所在，我该如何配置 Ubuntu 以将我的硬盘（和 SSD）用于 /var/cache。
提前感谢你的帮助，并原谅我的新手身份。
更新：
跑步
sudo apt-get update --fix-missing
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get install -f
给出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
mysql-server-5.5
Suggested packages:
tinyca mailx
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-headers-3.5.0-17 linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
mysql-server-5.5
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
28 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/8,840 kB of archives.
After this operation, 69.9 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
(Reading database ... 81482 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace mysql-server-5.5 5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.10.1 (using .../mysql- server-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.10.2_amd64.deb) ...
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/mysql-server-5.5_5.5.28- 0ubuntu0.12.10.2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 44, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in -e at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 46, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 47, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in -d at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 48, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
Use of uninitialized value $directory in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/File.pm line 49, <DEBCONF_CONFIG> chunk 3.
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/mysql-server-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.10.2_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
答案1
我想我有点太晚了......但我还是会发布它，以防有人来这里寻找相同问题的解决方案。
debconf: DbDriver "config": mkdir :No such file or directory意味着debconf缺少/var/cache已被以某种方式删除的目录（仍然无法弄清楚如何删除，因为之前它运行正常）。
一个明显的解决方案是重新创建它（sudo mkdir /var/cache/debconf），或者从包中重新安装 debconf（真的不需要这样做）。
答案2
我遇到过这个问题（Ubuntu 13.04），是因为我（意外地）删除了/var/cache/debconf，我只是重新创建一切又恢复正常了...所以：/var/cache/debconf：缺失 = 坏，存在 = 好
PS：如果你像我一样懒的话可以剪切粘贴：
sudo mkdir /var/cache/debconf
我发现一些声称可以清理硬盘的工具会删除 /var/cache 等位置的空文件夹，所以......
sudo touch /var/cache/debconf/.dont-delete-this-directory
当然，当有人/某物进入并试图摆脱它时，rmdir 将被阻止……当然，经验丰富的用户知道永远不要使用优化工具，特别是在基于 -nix 的系统上，这种垃圾最好留给 -dows 人群和他们的新手，所以大多数阅读本文的人可能会嘲笑这样做的想法……包括我自己（我猜只是无聊）。希望这能有所帮助。
答案3
尝试运行：
sudo apt-get update --fix-missing
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get install -f