根据建议，上周我安装了脉冲音频的每日 ppa，今晚我进行了 dist-upgrade，它给了我一个新的内核，但这也导致我的 ubuntu 上的声音消失。
我无法打开设备选择器并且我已经清除了以前的内核。
输出 1：
xbmc@xbmc:~$ aplay -l
aplay: device_list:268: no soundcards found...
出路2：
xbmc@xbmc:~$ sudo modprobe snd-hda-intel
ERROR: could not insert 'snd_hda_intel': Unknown symbol in module, or unknown parameter (see dmesg)
输出 3：
xbmc@xbmc:~$ lspci -v
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation ValleyView SSA-CUnit (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation ValleyView Gen7 (rev 0c) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 106
Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]
Memory at c0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at f080 [size=8]
Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: i915
00:13.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation ValleyView 6-Port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 0c) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 104
I/O ports at f070 [size=8]
I/O ports at f060 [size=4]
I/O ports at f050 [size=8]
I/O ports at f040 [size=4]
I/O ports at f020 [size=32]
Memory at d0816000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ahci
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation ValleyView USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 0c) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 103
Memory at d0800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:1a.0 Encryption controller: Intel Corporation ValleyView SEC (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 255
Memory at d0500000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
Memory at d0400000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation ValleyView High Definition Audio Controller (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 4
Memory at d0810000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation ValleyView PCI Express Root Port (rev 0c) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00002000-00002fff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation ValleyView PCI Express Root Port (rev 0c) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00003000-00003fff
Memory behind bridge: d0700000-d07fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation ValleyView PCI Express Root Port (rev 0c) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000e000-0000efff
Memory behind bridge: d0600000-d06fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation ValleyView PCI Express Root Port (rev 0c) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=04, subordinate=04, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00004000-00004fff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation ValleyView Power Control Unit (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation ValleyView SMBus Controller (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 5
Memory at d0814000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32]
I/O ports at f000 [size=32]
Capabilities: <access denied>
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 73)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wireless-N 7260
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 107
Memory at d0700000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 0c)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2055
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 105
I/O ports at e000 [size=256]
Memory at d0604000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at d0600000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: r8169