如何在控制台中使用 ls 更改目录的颜色？

Question 1

要更改目录颜色，~/.bashrc请使用编辑器打开文件

nano ~/.bashrc

并在文件末尾添加以下条目：

LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:'di=0;35:' ; export LS_COLORS

一些不错的颜色选择（在本例中0;35是紫色）是：

Blue = 34
Green = 32
Light Green = 1;32
Cyan = 36
Red = 31
Purple = 35
Brown = 33
Yellow = 1;33
Bold White = 1;37
Light Grey = 0;37
Black = 30
Dark Grey= 1;30

第一个数字是样式（1=粗体），后跟分号，然后是颜色的实际编号，可能的样式（效果）有：

0   = default colour
1   = bold
4   = underlined
5   = flashing text (disabled on some terminals)
7   = reverse field (exchange foreground and background color)
8   = concealed (invisible)

可能的背景：

40  = black background
41  = red background
42  = green background
43  = orange background
44  = blue background
45  = purple background
46  = cyan background
47  = grey background
100 = dark grey background
101 = light red background
102 = light green background
103 = yellow background
104 = light blue background
105 = light purple background
106 = turquoise background
107 = white background

所有可能的颜色：

30  = black
31  = red
32  = green
33  = orange
34  = blue
35  = purple
36  = cyan
37  = grey
90  = dark grey
91  = light red
92  = light green
93  = yellow
94  = light blue
95  = light purple
96  = turquoise
97  = white

这些甚至可以组合起来，以便得到如下参数：

di=1;4;31;42

在您的 LS_COLORS 变量中将使目录以带有绿色背景的粗体下划线红色文本显示！

要在终端中测试所有这些颜色和样式，您可以使用以下方法之一：

for i in 00{2..8} {0{3,4,9},10}{0..7}
do echo -e "$i \e[0;${i}mSubdermatoglyphic text\e[00m  \e[1;${i}mSubdermatoglyphic text\e[00m"
done

for i in 00{2..8} {0{3,4,9},10}{0..7}
do for j in 0 1
   do echo -e "$j;$i \e[$j;${i}mSubdermatoglyphic text\e[00m"
   done
done

您还可以在使用 ls 命令时更改其他类型的文件，方法是使用以下命令定义每种类型：

bd = (BLOCK, BLK)   Block device (buffered) special file
cd = (CHAR, CHR)    Character device (unbuffered) special file
di = (DIR)  Directory
do = (DOOR) [Door][1]
ex = (EXEC) Executable file (ie. has 'x' set in permissions)
fi = (FILE) Normal file
ln = (SYMLINK, LINK, LNK)   Symbolic link. If you set this to ‘target’ instead of a numerical value, the color is as for the file pointed to.
mi = (MISSING)  Non-existent file pointed to by a symbolic link (visible when you type ls -l)
no = (NORMAL, NORM) Normal (non-filename) text. Global default, although everything should be something
or = (ORPHAN)   Symbolic link pointing to an orphaned non-existent file
ow = (OTHER_WRITABLE)   Directory that is other-writable (o+w) and not sticky
pi = (FIFO, PIPE)   Named pipe (fifo file)
sg = (SETGID)   File that is setgid (g+s)
so = (SOCK) Socket file
st = (STICKY)   Directory with the sticky bit set (+t) and not other-writable
su = (SETUID)   File that is setuid (u+s)
tw = (STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE)    Directory that is sticky and other-writable (+t,o+w)
*.extension =   Every file using this extension e.g. *.rpm = files with the ending .rpm

更完整的列表可参见Bigsoft - 配置 LS_COLORS。

在某些发行版中，您可能还想将ow“（OTHER_WRITABLE）默认值为不可读”的背景颜色更改为绿色背景上的非粗体蓝色文本。

例如，您可以LS_COLORS="$LS_COLORS:di=1;33"在文件末尾使用.bashrc，以在黑色背景上获得清晰易读的粗体橙色文本。

修改 .bashrc 文件后，为了使更改生效，您必须重新启动 shell 或运行source ~/.bashrc。

注意：你可以将更多命令与冒号，例如

LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:'di=1;33:ln=36' ; export LS_COLORS; ls

来源：

Answer