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Lubuntu（LXDE）中的“焦点应用程序”键盘快捷键

tag-icon • tag-icon lubuntu shortcut-keys lxde openbox
Lubuntu（LXDE）中的“焦点应用程序”键盘快捷键

在 Unity 中，按Super+1可9启动或将焦点切换到应用程序。我可以在 Lubuntu（即 LXDE）中分配具有类似属性的键盘快捷键吗？

更准确地说，我可以设置一个快捷方式，这样如果应用程序已经打开，焦点就会切换到它，工作区也会相应改变（就像在 Unity 中一样）吗？到目前为止，我只设法分配了一个启动应用程序（新实例）的快捷方式。

答案1

Openbox（LXDE 的窗口管理器）没有内置此功能，但可以通过工具我们可以编写一个脚本来复制甚至增强 Unity 的行为。

首先，确保您已经安装了 xdotool：

sudo apt-get install xdotool

将以下脚本保存为focus_or_launch并使其可执行：

 #!/bin/bash

# NAME:         focus_or_launch
# VERSION:      0.4
# AUTHOR:       (c) 2014 Glutanimate <https://github.com/Glutanimate/>
#
# DESCRIPTION:  Focus existing app window or launch application if no
#               window found
#
#               Simplified version of a script by Henning Bekel
#               (https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=625009#p625009)
#
# DEPENDENCIES: xdotool
#
# LICENSE:      GNU GPLv3 (http://www.gnu.de/documents/gpl-3.0.en.html)
#
# NOTICE:       THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 
#               EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 
#               PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR 
#               IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 
#               AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND 
#               PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE,
#               YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
#
#               IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY 
#               COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS 
#               PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, 
#               INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE 
#               THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED 
#               INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE 
#               PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER 
#               PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
#
# USAGE:        focus_or_launch <command>
# EXAMPLE:      focus_or_launch google-chrome


############# GLOBVAR/PREP ###############

Executable="$1"
ExecutableBase="$(basename "$Executable")"
Usage="\
Usage: $(basename $0) command
E.g.:  $(basename $0) google-chrome\
"

############## USGCHECKS #################

if [[ $# -ne 1 || "$1" =~ ^(-h|--help)$ ]]; then
  echo "$Usage"
  exit 1
fi

################ MAIN ####################

MostRecentWID="$(xdotool search --class --name "$ExecutableBase" | tail -1 2> /dev/null)"

if [[ -z "$MostRecentWID" ]]; then
  echo "$ExecutableBase not found. Launching new window."
  "$Executable" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
  disown
else
  echo "Focusing existing instance of $ExecutableBase."
  # use brute-force approach if activating most recent WID doesn't work
  xdotool windowactivate "$MostRecentWID" 2>&1 | grep failed \
  && xdotool search --class --name "$ExecutableBase" windowactivate %@
fi

脚本的工作原理如下：运行时focus_or_launch applicationxdotool 将查找应用程序的现有实例并聚焦其中一个。如果未找到任何实例，脚本将启动一个新实例。

要将此脚本与您的桌面会话集成，请编辑您的 openbox 配置文件（例如~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml，../lubuntu-rc.xml或../rc.xml），并为您想要控制的每个应用程序添加类似于以下内容的部分：

<keybind key="W-g">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>focus_or_launch gedit</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

确保将其替换focus_or_launch为系统上脚本的路径，或者将脚本复制到您的$PATH。

如果您不想让脚本启动新的应用程序实例，只需删除以下部分：

"$Executable" > /dev/null 2>&1 &
disown

PS：该脚本应适用于所有与 xdotool 兼容的桌面环境（例如 Unity、GNOME、XFCE……）

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